PISCES. 



CG3 



brought togetner, ana triDcs that are really allied being widely separated. The following classification, whJCfl is 

 that of Prolessor Muller, slightly modified by Professor Owen, being founded on il ' orgonigatihm of tin- 



animals it includes, has more title to be considered a natural one, and represents the near..-: approach to a perfect 

 arrangement which the present state of knowledge admits. 



Obdek I.-DEHMOPTERI. 



Internal skeleton unossified; integument and vertical fins muco-dermoid; vermiform, or abrachial and apodal ; 

 no pancreas, no air bladder. 

 Sub-order 1. Pharyngobeanchii, (or Cirrhostomi.) Gills free, pharyngeal, inoperculate ; no heart. 



Family. — Amphioxidee . Example — Laacelet. 

 Sub-order 2. Mabsipoubancfiii, (or Cyclostomi.) Gills fixed, bursifurui, inoperculate, receiving the respiratory 

 streams by apertures usually numerous and lateral, distinct fiom the mouth ; a heart. 



Family.— My xinoidci. Example. — Myxine or Hag, Family. — I'etromysontidce. Example. — Lamprey. 



Obder IL— MALACOPTERI. 



Internal skeleton ossified ; external skeleton in most as cycloid, in a few as ganoid, scales ; fins supported by 

 rays, all, save the first sometimes in the dorsal ami pectoral, soft or jointed; abdominal or apodal; gills free, 

 operculate ; a swim-bladder and air duct. 

 Sub-order 1. Apodes. 



Family. — Symbranchidce. Example. — Cuchia. Family. - Murocnidce. Example. — Eel. 



Family. — Gymnotidm. Example. — Gymnotus. 



Sub-order 2. Abdominales. 

 Family.- HcUropygii. Example. — Amblyopsis. 

 Clupeida. Herring. 



Salmonidce. Salmon. 



Scopelidae. Sautus. 



Characini. Myletcs. 



Family.— SUuridcc 



Fami'y. — Galaxidce. 

 Esocidce 

 iformyridce 

 Cyprinodor, tides 

 Cyprinidae 

 Example. — Shcat Fish. 



Example. — Gnlaxias. 

 Pike. 



Munnyrus. 



Umber. 



Carp. 



Order III.— PIIARYNGOGXATIII. 



Internal skeleton bony; external skeleton in some as cycloid, in others as ctenoid, scales ; inferior pharyngeal 

 bones coalesced ; swim-bladder without duct. 

 Sub-order 1. Malacoptertgii. 



/ i uUy. — Scomber-esocida:. Example. — Saury-pike. 

 Sub-ordor 2. Acanthopterygii. 



Family.— Cliromidcc. Example. — Chromis. Family.— Cyelo-Labridse. Example — Wrasse. 



Family — Cteno-Labrida;. Example — Pomacentrus. 



Ordee IV.— ANACANTIIINI. 



Internal skeleton ossified ; external skeleton in some as cycloid, in others as ctenoid, scales ; fins supported by 

 flexible or jointed rays ; ventrals beneath the pectorals, or none; swim-bladder without air duct. 

 Sub-order 1. Apodes. 



Family. — Oj'hi iiihe Example. — Ophidium. 

 Sub-order 2. Thoracici. 



Family.— Gadidce. Example. — Cod Family. — Pleuronectidee. Example.— Plaice. 



Order V -ACANTIIOPTERI. 



Internal skeleton ossified ; external skeleton at ctenoid scales ; fins with one or more of the first rays anjotnted 

 c.r Inflexible spines ; ventrals in most beneath, or in advance of the |" Ctorall ; swim bladdi v without duct. 



/ 



/ dee. 



Sol rogt "idee. 



I nOiibranMi 



Nbtaoanthidct. 

 , Idee, 



Examj'le. 

 Perch. 

 Gurnard. 

 klalgre. 

 Anabas. 



Mllll.t. 



Hotacanth. 



Mackerel. 



/ mUy. 



'lies. Chtetodon. 



Riband-fish. 

 Lancet-fish. 

 Pipe-mouth-flsh. 

 i; iby, Remora, and Lamp-flab, 

 U la. Bli nnj and Wolf-flah. 



/ . • Angler. 



Order 71.— PLEOTOWCATHL 



Internal skeleton partially ossified ; external ski h ton as ganoid scales OS spines ; maxillaries and pre-maxilla- 

 ries fixed together ; swim-bl.idd.-r » it limit air duds. 



Family.— Iialtitiiui:. Example.— rMle-fith. FbmBy.- -Orirod Bmamp h — Tm nk - fl a h . 



/ inify. — Gymnrxhiites. I ■ \». — Globe-llsh 



