690 INSECTA. 



Lapponica of the latter author. The classification proposed in the "Diptera Scandinavia?" (which is a modifi- 

 cation of that in the Insecta Lapponica, is as follows : — 



Class I. Brachycera. Antennae, two- (or three-) jointed ; Palpi, two- (or three-) jointed. 

 Order 1, Polychoeta. Haustellum, with four or six lancets, <fcc. 



Section 1. Antenna; with the third joint annuUted, without any apical style. This section comprises 



the families— 1. Tabanii. 2. Xylophagii. And 3. Stratiomydce. 

 Section 2. Antenna? with the third joint not annulated (generally without a dorsal seta). Families — 

 4. Asilici ; 5. Bombyliarii ; 6. Anthracides ; 7. Leptides ; 8. Acrocerinae ; 9. Hybotidae ; 10. Tachy- 

 dromides ; 11. Empidiae ; 12. Dolichopodes; 13. Syrphici (this family having a dorsal seta to the 

 antennae). 

 Order 2. Dichoeta. Haustellum with on!y two lancets. 



Section I. Athericera. Haustellum with a proboscis, claws simple. 



Subdivision 1. Wings with a distinct angulated cell. Families— 14. Scenopinii ; 15. Platypezinae ; 



16 Conopsari.-e ; 17. Myopariae ; 18. Pipuneulini. 

 Subdivision 2. Wings without a distinct angulated cell. Families — 19. Oestrides; and nineteen 

 other families separated from the genus Musca of this work (p. 632—636). 

 Section 2. Haustellum, covered by two palpi, but without a terminal proboscis. Family— 39. Coriaceae 

 [Ilippoboseidie.] 

 Class IT. Nemocera. Antennae, with not fewer than six joints. 



A. Winged. Families— 40. Hirteides ; 41. Scatopsides ; 42. Simulides ; 43. Rhyphii ; 44. Culicides ; 45. 



Chironomii; 46. Cecidomyzides ; 47. Psychodides ; 48. Sciarinae ; 49. Tipulides ; 50. Mycetophilinae. 



B. Wingless in both sexes. Family— 51. Chioneides. 



The genera and species are admirably worked out in these works by Zetterstedt, which are a model for the 

 monographer. 



Other general works on the Diptera are the following :— Loew's Bemerkungen iiber die in der Posener Gegend, 

 Zweiflugler— Gattungen, and Dipterologische Beitrage, in 4to., and various papers in the Linnaea Entomologica, 

 and Entomologische Zeitung, of the Stettin Society ; Zeller's Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Dipteren, and Dipterolo- 

 gische Beitrage. Staeger, on Danish Diptera, in Kroyer's Natural History Journal, and on the Diptera of Green, 

 land, in ditto. Gimmerthal, Ubersicht der Zweiflugler Lief, and Kurland's (Bulletin Moscow Soc), and on 

 Russian Diptera, also in Bulletin Moscow, 1845. Rondani Memorie per servire alia Ditterologia Italiana, (nine 

 separate memoirs in the Transactions of the Bologna Academy). 



Various anatomical memoirs by Loew and Leon Dufour have also been published. 



Of detached monographs on the families or genera of this order, the following are the most important : — 

 In the Nemocera (p. 617—621) ; 



The genus Anopheles (p. 618), is monographed by Loew, in- the first part of his Dipterologische Beitrage, 

 and three new genera established, allied to Cecidomyia. The genera Scatopse and Bibio are treated 

 in like manner by the same author, in the First Volume of the Linnaea Entomologica. 



Two admirable papers by Dr. Asa Fitch, on the Wheat and Hessian flies belonging to the genus Cecidomyia, 

 have been published in the Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, Vols. V and VI. The 

 economy of other species of Cecidomyia have been illustrated by Perris and L. Dufour, in the French Annales ; 

 and by Ratzeburg, in his Forst Insecten. Perris has also given the Transformations of Psychoda nervosa, in the 

 same Annales. An excellent monograph on the Asilidae is given by Loew, in Vol. Ill of the Linnaea Entomo- 

 logica, in which a great number of new species and several new genera are proposed. Various new genera of 

 Bombyliidae are also described by the same author, in the above-mentioned works. An illustrated monograph of 

 the fine family Mydasidae, is given in my Arcana Entomologica, and the singular family Vesiculosa, or bladder- 

 flies, have been monographed by Erichson, in his Entomographien ; and many additional species described by 

 myself, in the Transactions of the Entomological Society. The Dolichopodes, monographed by Mr. Haliday, in 

 the Zoological Journal, have been again revised by Staeger, in Kroyer's Journal. 



The genera Oxycera, Thereva, and Conops, are also monographed by Loew, in his Dipterologische Beitrage, as 

 well as several genera of Muscidae. The Italian species of Merodon and Chrysotoxum, have been described by 

 Rondani, and a monograph of the genus Ceria, published by Saunders, in the Transactions of the Entomological 

 Society. 



The parasitic (Estridae have formed the subjects of several valuable memoirs, namely— a paper on the anatomy 

 of Gastrus Equi, by Van der Kolk ; a memoir by Dr. Schwab, Die GSstraciden Bremsen der Pferde, Rinder und 

 Schafe, Munich, 1840. A supplementary paper by Bracy Clark, in Vol. XIX of the Linnaean Transactious, and a 

 paper by Goudot, on Cuterebra noxialis, in the French Annales. A fine monograph has also been published in 

 the Annals of the Lyons Academy. 



The great family Muscidae, has been specially investigated by Robineau Desvoidy and Macquart, in the French 

 Annals, between whom a discussion on the principles of classification of the family has taken place, the latter 

 author having reduced many of the species proposed by the former, to varieties of other established species. 

 Many detached genera haye been monographed by Loew ; and the splendid genus Rutilia, by Guerin, as well as the 

 interesting Ceratites, the type of which commits so much damage to the cargoes of oranges. The Ephydrini 

 have also been revised by Stenhammer, in the Transactions of the Stockholm Academy, and many Danish 

 groups have been monographed by Staeger, in Kroyer's Journal. The beautiful genus Trypeta, has been mono- 

 graphed by Walker, in the Entomological Journal, and by Loew, in the Linnaea Entomologica ; and a valuable 

 memoir on the anatomy of the Hippoboscidae, has been published by Leon Dufour, in the Annales des Sciences 

 Naturelles. 



