CARXAUIA. 



69 



phalanges, like that of the preceding, has no nail. The memhranes of their wings, instead of meeting 

 at the flank, are joined to each other at the middle of the hack, to which they adhere by a vertical and 

 longitudinal partition [a character which occurs, however, more or less completely, that is, the volar 

 membrane is attached more or less near to the middle of the back, in some of the Roussettes]. 

 They have often only two incisors [when adult, which are inserted in small curved mtermaxillaries, 

 that are moveable backwards and forwards]. 



"M. Isidore Geoftroy, in a monograph of this genus [Pteropus], forms the Pt. personatus, Tem., 

 and some allied species, into the subgenus Pachysoma, which has four molars less than the others, and 

 the zygomatic arches more projecting : the Pt. minimus or rostrahu composes his subgenus Macro- 

 glossus, the muzzle of which is longer and more slender, and there are spaces between the grinders ; 

 it is believed that the tongue is extensile [now known to be slightly so, and of a rather longer and 

 more acuminate form than in the others]. Lastly, he separates the Ccphalot of Peron from that of Pallas, 

 and applies to the former the name Hypodermis, on account of the complete dorsal insertion of the 

 membranes of its wings."* *--• 



[M. Tenniinck, in his excellent monograph of the Pteropiaaf, or frugivorous Bats (published in 1835), adopts, as 

 generic, the divisions Pteropus, Pachysoma (Cynopterus, F. Cuv.), Cephaiotes, Geof. (Hypodermis, Is. Geof.), 

 Harpvia, Illiger (Cephaiotes, Is. Geof.), and Macroglossus.-r Six species are known of Pachytoma. which present 

 some other peculiar characters, 

 and vary in size from ten to twenty 

 inches across : the remaining three 

 respectively consist of one known 

 species only, viz., C. Peronii, 

 sometimes two and a halt* feet 

 in extent,—//. Pallasii (fig. 9), a 

 singular looking animal, from Ti- 

 mour, fourteen inches across, with 

 a claw on its fore-finger (like the 

 CeptaalOt), and projecting tubular 

 nostrils, — and .1/. rottratut, the 

 Kiodote, the smallest of the tribe, 

 rarely measuring a foot in spread 

 of wing, and which is kno.vn to 

 subsist chiefly on the fruit of the 

 Clove {Eugenia) ; its grinders are 

 remarkably diminutive. Between 

 these frugivorous Cheiroptera and 

 the following genera, the lapse is 

 very considerable.] 



Fig 9 -UarpyU P&lUlli. 



The Roussettes having been detached, the genuine Bats remain, all of which [excepting Desmodus] are 

 insectivorous, and possess three grinders on each side of both jaws, beset with conical points, and 

 preceded by a variable number of false molars. Their index never has a nail, and, a single sub- 

 genus excepted, the membrane always extends between their hind-legs. [The greater number have 

 cheek-pouches, and most, if not all, emit a peculiar low clicking note.] 



They should be divided into two principal tribes : the first having three bony phalanges to the 

 middle finger of the wing, while the other finger and the index even have only two. To this tribe, 

 which is almost exclusively foreign, belong the following subgenera : — 



The Molossines (Molossus, Geof. Dysopw%, Illig.) 

 These have the muzzle simple ; the ears broad and short, arising near tin- angle of the lips, and 

 uniting with each other upon the muzzle; the tragus short, and not enveloped by the conch. Their 

 tail occupies the whole length of the interfemoral membrane, and very often extends beyond it. 

 [Their wings arc narrow, and body large and heavy.] It is seldom that they have more than two in- 

 cisors to each jaw : 1 > nt, according to M. Tcmminck, several of them have at first mv below, four of 

 which they successively lose. 



• Thl« passage ocean In Iho Appendix to the original work— Ed. | Is likewise used In Ornithology, where another appellation muit ba 



t The term Mucro^lottut, however, has unfortunately lieen pre- , jul>%tituled.--KD. 



occupied in Bntomologyi tot which reaaon Kbdotmi (the common . j This term Is more generally accepted 



name vi the species, Inllnlicd] may be propnacd in it, lit * I, Wurpfl* ' 



