96 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Papilla: a minute, soft projection: specifically the modified ligula in silk 



spinning caterpillars. 

 Papillary: with nipple-like processes that have the tips rounded. 

 Papillate -us: a surface with small elevations which are porous at tip. 

 Papilliform: like a wart or pimple. 



Papillose -us: pimply; a surface covered with raised dots or pimples. 

 Pappose: downy: made up or clothed with pappus. 

 Pappus: a fine down. 

 Para-: next to; near by; at the side of. 

 Parabiosis: see symbiosis. 

 Parabolic: elongately rounded. 

 Paraclypeal piece: in lepidopterous pupae, occurs in some of the generalized 



families on each side of the maxillary palpi. 

 Paraclypeus: in caterpillars, a narrow sclerite bordering clypeus at sides. 

 Paraderm: the limiting membrane enclosing the pronymph of Muscidcc. 

 Paraglossa: a paired, labial structure, lying at each side of the ligula; often 



connected with it; sometimes free and two-jointed: corresponds to the galea 



of maxilla. 

 Parallel: along the same line and nearly equidistant. 

 Paranal: at the side of or next to the anus or anal structures. 

 Paranal forks: two lateral, bristle-like structures in some caterpillars, used to 



throw frass pellets to a distance. 

 Paranal lobes: ^ podical plates; q. v. 

 Paraphysis: the chitinized thickenings or lateral ingrowths, usually situated 



at the base of the lobes in certain Diaspid genera. 

 Parapleura: the sternal side pieces in beetles. 

 Parapodia: the pro- or false legs: more specifically applied to the jointed 



abdominal processes of the Symphyla. 

 Parapsidae: the small sclerites on each side of the scutellum in Chalcids, 



marked by the parapsidal grooves. 

 Parapsidal furrows: longitudinal grooves on each side of the mesoscutum of 



Proctytrypjdcr separating the parapsides from the middle lobe. 

 Parapsidal grooves: the grooves or furrows on each side of the Chalcid scu- 

 tellum, defining the parapsidae. 

 Parapsides: lateral pieces of the meso-scutum, separated from the mesal por- 

 tion by the parapsidal furrows. 

 Parapteron -era: small sclerites, articulated to the dorsal extremity of the 



episternum, just below the wings ; absent on prothorax : = the tegulre of 



Hymenoptera, and patagia of Lcpidoptcra : have been homologized with 



the elytra of Coleoptera. 

 Parasita: = parasitica ; q. v. 

 Parasite: a species that lives in or on another animal or insect, and depends 



upon the tissue of the host for its food supply. 

 Parasitic: living on or in some other animal or insect in such a way as to 



derive all nourishment from the tissues of the host. 

 Parasitica: the sucking lice: wingless; without metamorphosis; mouth with 



piercing lancets; thoracic segments similar; habits epizootic. 



