128 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Spur: a short, stiflf, generally blunt process and usually not articulated at its 

 base: in the plural refers to paired spiniform processes at or near the end 

 of tibiae. 

 Spur formula: a numerical expression of their arrangement; as 2-3-4; two 



spurs on fore tibia, 3 on middle, and 4 on posterior ; in Tridiofitera. 

 Spurius: false: applied to aborted anterior legs in some diurnal Lcpidoptera. 

 Spurious cell: in Diptera (Pack.), = 3d anal (Comst.). 



Spurious veins: certain folds or thickenings in the wing surface which re- 

 semble a vein so nearly as to be readily mistaken and sufficiently constant 

 to be useful in classification. 

 Squama: in Odonata, the sclerite that bears the palpus of both maxilla and 

 labium : the scale-like first abdominal segment of some ants : a scale-like 

 appendage covering the base of primaries in Lcpidoptera, and so =: patagium ; 

 q. v.: a small scale above the halteres in Diptera: in this order Packard 

 uses squama for the lobed scale and restricts alula to the lobe-like appendage : 

 Osten-Sacken uses squama for the posterior scale alone and antisquama for 

 the anterior. 

 Squames: the flattened, fimbriated or spine-like marginal processes of the 

 pygidium in Diaspince, other than the lobes and true spines : ^ " plates," 

 of Comst. ; or " scaly hairs " of Maskell. 

 Squamiform: having a scale-like form. 

 Squamose -ous: scaly or covered with scales, 

 tsquamula: a small corneous scale covering the base of primaries in some 



insects : =: tegula, q. v. : in Diptera. := alula. 

 Squarrous: scurfy: clothed with rough scales differing in direction, standing 



upright, or not parallel to the surface. 

 Stadium -ia: the interval between the molts of larvje : = instar ; q. v.: any 



one period in the development of an insect. 

 Stage: refers to the period of development; e. g., larval, pupal, etc. 

 Stalked bodies: =: gyri cerebrales ; q. v. 

 Stellate: star-shaped; with four or five radiating lines. 



Stelocyttares: social wasps in which the comb layers of the nest are supported 

 by pillars and not connected with the envelope : see pcecilocyttares and 

 phragmocyttares. 

 Stemapoda: the modified filamentous anal legs of Centra and other Noto- 



dontid larvae. 

 Stemmata: simple eyes or ocelli; q. v. 

 Stem-mother: in plant lice; that form hatching from the winter egg, which 



starts a series of agamic summer generations. 

 Stenocephalous: with a narrow, elongate head. 

 Stenorhynchan: narrow beaked «or snouted. 

 Stenothorax: a supposed ring between pro- and mcso-thorax. 

 Stercoral: relating or pertaining to excrement. 

 Sterile: not capable of reproducing its kind. 

 Sternal orifice: in Perlids ; a peculiar slit on each side of the sternum, 



extending inward and ending blindly : = furcal orifice. 

 Sternal spatula: = breast-bone ; q. v. 



