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EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Velutinous: velvety: clothed with dense, soft, short hair, like velvet. 



Vena: a vein. 



Vena dividens: ihat longitudinal vein of secondaries that marks the beginning 



of the anal area: := anal i (Comst.). 

 Vena plicata: on the wings of Dcmiaptcra, the vein around which the folding 



occurs. 

 Vena spuria: = spurious vein: q. v. 



Venation: the system of chitinous frame-work supporting the wings: in Lepi- 

 doptera, the veins are usually referred to by numbers which are as follows : 

 on primaries ; i := anal ; 2 =: cubitus 2 ; j = cubitus i ; 4 ^ media 3 ; 5 ^ 

 media 2 ; 6 = media i ; 7 = radius 5 ; 5 = radius 4 ; 9 = radius 3 ; jo = radius 

 2; // = radius I : 7i> =: subcosta : on secondaries: i, la, ift = anal ; 2 = 

 cubitus ; 3 = cubitus i ; 4 ^ media 3:5 = media 2 ; 6 = media i ; 7 = radius 

 I ; 5 = sub-costa. See plate III for typical venations of all orders. 

 Venter: the belly: under surface of abdomen as a whole and of each ring. 

 Ventose: inflated; puffed out. 



Ventrad: extending or directed toward the under side. 

 Ventral: pertaining to the under surface of abdomen: in Dipt era, that face 



of the leg which is inferior when laterally extended. 

 Ventral chain: refers to the series of ganglia of the nervous system. 

 Ventral comb: in Trichoptera, a transverse row of fine teeth on venter. 

 Ventral diaphragm: is a fine membrane covering the central nerve cords and 



ganglia : also called ventral heart. 

 Ventral heart: := ventral diaphragm, q. v. 

 Ventral plate: a thickening of the blastoderm of an egg from which the 



embryo, but not the amnion or serosa is formed. 

 Ventral scale: in Diaspince, the under part of the puparium, interposed between 



the insect and the plant. 

 Ventral tube: in Collembola, a tube or tubercle proceeding from the ventral 



side of the first abdominal segment. 

 Ventricose: with a big belly: distended; inflated. 

 Ventriculus: the true stomach, = chylific ventricle; q. v. 

 Ventri-meson: the middle line of the ventral surface of the body. 

 Ventro-cephalad: toward the lower side and anteriorly. 

 Ventro-dorsad: extending from belly to back. 

 Venules: the branches of the main veins. 

 Vermian: worm-like. 



Vermicular: worm-like, tortuous: resembling the tracks of a worm. 

 Vermiculate: worm-like in form: a marking with worm-like tracings. 

 Vermiform: worm-shaped. 

 Vernal: appearing in spring. 



Vernantia: the molting or shedding of the skin. 

 Verriculate: with thick-set tufts of parallel hairs. 

 Verricule: a dense tuft of upright hairs. 



Verrucose: having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations. 

 Versatile: moving freely in every direction. 

 Versicolored: with several colors, indeterminately restricted. 



