STAG-CHAFFER. 
29 
deeper colour, and exhibits in a striking manner 
the rudiments of the large extended jaws and 
broad head so conspicuous in the perfect insect: 
the legs are also proportionally larger and longer 
than in the larva state. The ball of earth in which 
this chrysalis is contained is considereibly larger 
than a hen’s egg, and of a rough exterior surface, 
but perfectly smooth and polished within. The 
chrysalis lies about three months before it gives 
birth to the complete insect, which usually 
emerges in the months of July and August. The 
time however of this insect’s growth and appear- 
ance in all its states varies much, according to the 
difference of seasons. It is not very uncommon 
in many parts of England. 
The commonly supposed female differs so much 
in appearance from the male, that it has by some 
authors been considered as a distinct species. It 
is not only smaller than the former, but totall}-' 
destitute of the long and large ramified jaws, in- 
stead of which it has a pair of very short curved 
ones, slightly denticulated on their inner side : 
the head is also of considerably smaller diameter 
than the thorax. In point of colour it resembles 
the former. Among those who consider it as a 
distinct species may be numbered the ingenious 
ISIr. Marsham, F. L. S. who, in his Entomologia 
Britannica, assures us that the real female insect 
extremely resembles the male, but is smaller, and 
wants the larger denticulation on the inner side 
of each horn. The generally supposed female he 
distinguishes by the title of Lucanus inermis. L. 
