70 



the circumference at the widest part 8 inches, at the narrowest part 

 6 inches. 



" The duodenum is wide at its commencement, as in Ancema and 

 Dasyprocta, but has not a capacity so considerable as in Ceeloge- 

 nus, where, according to Sir E. Home, it projects like a ceecum 

 above the pylorus : its circumference at this part is 2 inches j but 

 where it receives the biliary secretion, viz. at a distance of 1 inch 

 from the pylorus, its circumference is diminished to one half that size. 

 It is a loose intestine, having a mesentery through the whole of its 

 course. It rises at first towards the liver, then descends in a curved 

 form behind the colon and in front of the right kidney, a process of 

 peritoneum passing off from the lowest part of the curvature and at- 

 taching the intestine to the right psoas muscle; it then ascends again 

 as high as the liver and is continued without crossing the spine into 

 the jejunum ; the mesentery which attaches it to the spine is narrow- 

 est at the commencement and at the termination of this intestine, 

 and between its layers is situated the pancreas, beautifully ramified, 

 much flattened, and of a minutely granular structure. The circum- 

 ference of the small intestines is nearly uniform throughout, being 

 about 1 inch j but the ileum, after becoming gradually and slightly 

 contracted, widens just at its termination : the expanded orifice is 

 applied, as it were, to the side of the ceecum over a much smaller 

 orifice in that gut j the parietes of the ceecum so included forming 

 a semilunar valve. The length of the small intestines was 17 feet 

 10 inches j that of the ceecum 13 inches ; and its circumference at the 

 widest part 6 inches. 



" The parietes of the ceecum are puckered up by two longitudinal 

 muscular bands, one of which is continued along the colon for a short 

 distance. The extent of the ceecum above the orifice of the ileum is 

 very clearly indicated by two lateral dilatations or sacculi, which are 

 separated from the colon by a valvular structure similar to that at the 

 termination of the ileum; the two orifices of the blind intestine being 

 analogous to the cardia and pylorus of the stomach. This structure 

 I have had occasion also to observe very distinctly in the Beaver, the 

 Cavies, and in some Monkeys, as Macacus Cynomolgus. The colon is 

 widest at its commencement, but not' sacculated j its circumference 

 here is 3 inches 4 lines ; but it soon diminishes to less than half that 

 extent. It ascends obliquely from the left lumbar to the right hypo- 

 chondriac regions, then makes the long and loose fold before de- 

 scribed, and, after having thus returned upon itself, performs many 

 small convolutions along the middle line and back part of the abdomen, 

 to which it is attached by a broad meso-colon 3 and is thus continued 

 into the rectum. The fceces begin to be separated at the commence- 

 ment of the long fold, and there also the colon is connected, by conti- 

 nuity of peritoneum, with the duodenum. 



" The liver presents a singular structure, being subdivided into 

 almost innumerable angular lobules, varying in size from 3 to 5 lines : 

 nevertheless these lobules are so compacted, that the viscus presents 



