142 



great and uniform capacity ; but in Phoenicopterus it is not more than 

 half an inch in diameter when dilated. At the lower part of the neck 

 it expands into a considerable pouch, which measured in the specimen 

 here described 3 inches in diameter, and 4J inches in length. In 

 Perrault's specimen the diameter was only lj inch, and it was pro- 

 bably in a state of contraction, as he describes it as furnished internally 

 with many small longitudinal rugce. The circular fibres around this 

 part were very distinct. Beyond this pouch the oesophagus again con- 

 tracts to about 4 lines in diameter, and so continues for 3^inches, when 

 it terminates in the proventriculus. This glandular cavity was 1 inch 

 8 lines in length, and 5 lines in diameter : the gastric follicles were 

 broad, short, and simple, and were arranged in two long oval groups, 

 blending together at the edges. The proventriculus terminates in a 

 small but- strong gizzard, of a flattened spheroidal form, measuring 

 1 inch 5 lines in length, and the same in breadth ; the lateral muscles 

 were each half an inch in thickness. The gizzard was lined with a 

 moderately thick and yellow -coloured cuticle, disposed in longitudinal 

 ridges, the extremities of which projecting into the pyloric aperture 

 form a kind of valve, as in the gizzard of the Ostrich. In a Flamingo 

 dissected by Col. Sykes, in which the duodenum was blocked up by 

 two large tape~worms, the muscles of the gizzard were 1 inch in 

 thickness. 



"The duodenal fold extended towards the left side 4 inches from 

 the pylorus. This intestine was 4 inches in diameter. The pancreas > 

 which occupied its common situation between the two portions of the 

 fold, had a more complete peritoneal covering than usual. The in- 

 testinal canal soon diminished in diameter to 3 and then to 2 lines. 

 The small intestines formed an oval mass, and were disposed in twenty- 

 one elliptical spiral convolutions, eleven descending towards the rectum 

 and ten returning towards the gizzard in the interspaces of the pre- 

 ceding ; a disposition analogous to that of the colon in Ruminants. 

 The villi of the intestines were arranged in longitudinal zigzag lines. 

 There were two cceca, each about 3^- inches in length and 5 inches in 

 diameter. 



"The testes were about the size of grains of wheat, and were situated 

 on the anterior part of the renal capsules. The latter bodies were 

 about the size of hazel-nuts. Both these glands were of a bright 

 yellow colour. The fat of this bird is of a remarkable orange tint. 



"The principal diseased appearances were in the lungs, which were 

 filled with tubercles and vomicae. I was much struck with finding the" 

 inner surface of the latter cavities, and that of most of the smaller ra- 

 mifications of the bronchial tubes, covered over with a green vegetable 

 mould or mucor. As the individual was examined within 24 hours 

 after its death, it seemed reasonable to conclude this mucor had grown 

 there during the life-time of the animal. Thus it would appear that 

 internal parasites are not exclusively derived from the animal kingdom, 

 but that there are Entophyta as well as Entozoa. 



"The tongue of the Flamingo is remarkable for its texture, mag- 

 nitude and peculiar armature. It is almost cylindrical, but slightly 

 flattened above, and obliquely truncate anteriorly, so as to correspond 



