205 



lining, yet it is among the Pachydermata that this structure is most 

 prevalent. In the Hyrax, two thirds of the stomach on the cardiac 

 side are lined with a thick, white and wrinkled cuticle ; along the 

 greater curvature it was raised in the present instance into a number 

 of warty excrescences, the consequences of disease. The stomach is 

 of an oblong form, contracted and bent upon itself where the cu- 

 ticle terminates. Its greatest length, when moderately distended, 

 is 5\ inches; its depth, opposite the cardiac orifice, 3 inches; the 

 extent of the cardiac sacculus, beyond the oesophageal opening, 

 2 inches. The pyloric end was lined by a vascular and villous 

 membrane. No difference could be detected in the state of the 

 matters situated at the cardiac and pyloric ends of the stomach : 

 they consisted of well-masticated vegetable substances. Immedi- 

 ately beyond the pylorus were the orifices of a number of follicles. 

 The cssophagus had a course of 2 inches in the abdomen, before 

 terminating at the cardia ; this depended on the greater distance 

 at which the stomach was situated from the diaphragm. 



" The liver had the same form and number of lobes as described 

 by Pallas. The middle lobe had the usual two notches, into the 

 left of which the coronary ligament entered; but the right con- 

 tained no gall-bladder, which in the Hyrax, as in some of the Ro- 

 dentia, and many of the Pachydermata, is deficient. A compensa- 

 tion for this deficiency was, however, in some measure apparent in 

 this animal; for the hepatic ducts, immediately on leaving the lobes 

 of the liver, dilated into three globular receptacles, the united ca- 

 pacities of which would have equalled a moderate-sized gall-bladder ; 

 the duct formed by the union of these receptacles was 3 lines in 

 diameter and 1 inch 3 lines in length ; it grew gradually narrower 

 as it approached the intestine, and terminated three fourths of an 

 inch from the pylorus. 



" In the largest of the above-mentioned dilatations of the hepatic 

 ducts there was a Distoma, probably the same species as the Liver 

 jluke of Sheep; and both in that and the other receptacle there were 

 small pulverulent biliary concretions, of a bright yellow colour. I 

 therefore feel uncertain whether these receptacles should be consi- 

 dered as altogether normal. 



" The pancreas was a small flattened gland, but terminated by 

 two distinct ducts, one close to the hepatic, the other 1 inch beyond 

 it, lower down the duodenum. This disposition of the ducts, and 

 the sudden bend of the duodenum, also reminds one of the structure 

 of birds. 



" The spleen had the same position and flattened semilunar 

 form as Pallas describes. 



" The relative size and position of the kidneys, and of the cap- 

 sule? renales, also accorded with the observations of that great 

 anatomist. The tubuli uriniferi terminated in each kidney in a very 

 prominent pointed papilla ; the left kidney I observed to be pecu- 

 liarly flattened on the outer or lateral side, which presents gene- 

 rally a regular convexity. 



" In the * Spicilegia Zoologica,' Pallas describes the peculiar in- 

 [No. XXV.] 



