CYNIPS.' 
269 
proceeds from it, gnawing its way through the 
gall. It however often remains during the whole 
winter in the gall, from which it issues in the suc- 
ceeding spring. As a species this Cynips is par- 
ticularly distinguished by having the upper surface 
of the thorax marked by several longitudinal black 
streaks, and a small dusky spot on the middle of 
each upper wing. 
The Cynips quercus petioli of Linnaeus is a 
species much allied to the preceding, but rather 
larger, and of a tawny-ferruginous cast, with the 
thorax marked also by black streaks. The gall 
produced by the puncture of this species is situat- 
ed on the footstalks of oak leaves, and greatly re- 
sembles in size and appearance that of the former. 
The Cynips Rosce produces on the sweet-briar, 
dog-rose, &c. a gall of a highly singular appear- 
ance, resembling a beautiful heap of finely rami- 
fied moss, of a green colour tinged with red: this 
in the autumnal season is frequently observed, 
and when opened discovers in the solid fleshy or 
central part the included larva, in the form of a 
small white maggot, and sometimes several are 
found in different parts of the same mass. The 
Cynips itself is black, with ferruginous legs and 
abdomen, the latter tipped with black. The 
mossy gall above-mentioned, in which it is bred, 
is distinguished hy the older writers on natural 
history by the title of Redeguar. 
The leaves of Willows are very frequently loaded 
by large, irregular, red swellings during the Sunir 
