TIPULA. 
375 
ujDper part, \vith a pair of short, horn-like pro- 
cesses, perhaps operating as a kind of spiracula: 
this particularity is however still more striking in 
those which belong to the aquatic kinds. 
The Tipula cornicina is of middle size, and has 
transparent wings with a marginal dusky spot, 
and the body yellow, with tliree longitudinal 
dusky streaks. Its larva, which is found in mea- 
dows, &c, is brown, with a flattened or truncated 
tail, beset with a certain number of radiating 
soft spines or processes, and the chrysalis is slen- 
der, and furnished, as in most others, with minute 
spines about its segments, by the assistance of 
which it is enabled to elevate itself to the surface 
when the time of its ultimate change takes place. 
Tipula crocaia is one of the few insects of this 
genus adorned with lively colours: it is of a po- 
lished black, with yellow rings round the abdomen. 
Of those in which the wings are generally in- 
cumbent, the Tipula plumosa, so named from its 
plumed anteniite, may serve as an example. This 
insect is of the size. of a Gnat, which it so much 
resembles in its general appearance as to be fre- 
quently mistaken for one: its colour is a greenish 
brown. The larva is aquatic, bears a considerable 
resemblance to those of the genus Culex, as does 
likewise the chrysalis or pupa, wliich, instead of 
lying dormant during this state, is locomotive, 
playing about in the water, like the larva, and, at 
the time of its change, springs to the surface in 
order to give birth to the complete insect. 
Among the very small Tipuhe none is more fa- 
