NOTICE OF FERDINAND KOWARZ 
135 
terization,” also to place on record his moral merit by pointing out 
the very unfavorable and often most discouraging conditions under 
which his work was carried on. In the Introduction to my “ Ver- 
zeichniss der entomologischen Schriften von Hermann Low” (104, 
1884) I have enumerated some of these obstacles: his life in small 
towns, far from museums and libraries; the difficulty in finding 
publishers for his writings; the illiberality of museums in not lend¬ 
ing him materials for work, etc. Dr. Krause’s “ Obituary ” of Loew 
(the translation of which is reproduced in my Chapter XV) men¬ 
tions still other difficulties : Loew’s varied and sometimes burden¬ 
some professional duties, his very limited financial resources, and, 
in many cases, the state of his health. In my Chapters XIV and 
XV are described the tragic circumstances of the decline of Loew’s 
faculties, of his last illness, and of his death, all of which entitle 
him to a place, not only among the heroes, but also among the 
martyrs of science 1 
Not long before Loew’s death, his collection of Diptera was purchased by the 
Royal Zoological Museum in Berlin for six thousand marks (about fifteen hun¬ 
dred dollars). Dr. Stein, one of the assistants of the Museum, was entrusted with 
the care of the collection. According to his estimate it contained about seventy- 
five hundred species, represented by sixty thousand specimens. A discussion arose 
whether to keep the collection apart, at least for an indefinite number of years, or 
to have it incorporated immediately within the general dipterological collection of 
the Museum. The best entomological authorities were of the opinion to keep the 
collection apart. Consulted by Dr. Stein, I gave my opinion in that same sense, 
in a letter containing an elaborate exposition of my reasons. The Director of the 
Museum at that time, Dr. Peters, was of a contrary opinion, which provoked a 
protest from many entomologists in Germany. An allusion to this episode in 
the Deutsche Entomolorjische Zeitsclirift (1879, p. 419, footnote) was followed by 
the resignation of Dr. Peters as a member of the Society of which the “ Zeitsclirift ” 
was the organ. The story of this “storm in a teacup” will be found in several 
articles of the Deutsche Entomoloijische Zeitsclirift (for instance, 1879, p. 23 : 
“Loew’s Fliegensammlung” ; 1880, in the Proceedings, p. 1-4). 
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XVI 
Notice of the Dipterologist, Ferdinand Kowarz 
F e r d i n a n d Iv o w a r z, as a dipterologist, has not received, it 
seems to me, the appreciation due to him. Ilis publications are 
much less voluminous than those of Loew, and his rule, during his 
