146 
CAMILLO RONDANI AND IIIS RELATIONS WITH LOEW 
importance of some large, characteristic bristles, which he calls 
macrochaetae , and adds : “ A word which may be translated hy the 
other word crassisetae , and thus the ordinary word setae will re¬ 
main for bristles which are distinctly smaller (‘piu esili’), and pili 
for those that are the most delicate (‘die sono sottilissime 
Rondani then proceeds as follows: — 
“ Although the macrochaetae and other bristles, inserted on the head of 
different families of Diptera, have been used by dipterological writers as 
distinctive characters, it was done in a rather confused and not uniform 
manner, so that it was impossible to understand with certainty, either the 
exact place of their insertion, or their relative position, or their number or 
other peculiarities, and hence, in consequence of that very uncertainty, 
these characters have had but little value. The face of certain species 
was called ciligera, or set is marginata, or vibrissata ; but these expressions 
did not indicate whether the face was provided with bristles botli on the 
cheeks and on the edge of the facial groove, or either on the one or the 
other; nor did these expressions convey the notion whether the whole 
cheek or the facial groove was furnished with bristles, whether the latter 
were numerous or only few, whether they were independent of the frontal 
bristles or a mere continuation of them. Considering these uncertainties, 
it seemed to me important to put an end to them in future, and to correct 
this inconvenience by distinguishing the macrochaetae of the head accord¬ 
ing to the place of their insertion, after which it would be much easier to 
describe their other peculiarities.” 
Rondani then proceeds to establish the terminology of the macro¬ 
chaetae of the head, and distinguishes them as frontales, foveales, 
faddles , and or ales. In defining these terms, he further develops 
this terminology, and distinguishes among the frontales the verti¬ 
cals^ oculares , ocellares, and occipitales (and so on, for the rest). 
Then he passes to the abdomen and distinguishes the macrochaetae 
as superae and laterales , marginales , and intermediae. He adds 
some remarks concerning a certain caution necessary in the making 
use of these characters. 
It must be borne in mind that the paper of Rondani containing 
these suggestions had been published in 1845, and that it was two 
years later, in 1847, that Loew began the publication of his life- 
work as one may say, on Asilidae, in which he did not make any 
use of chaetotactic characters, as he should have done, and thus 
