Other Venomous Spiders 
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and though Robert’s results seem conclusive, the spider is little to 
be feared. 
Phidippus audax ( P. tripunctatus) is one of our largest Attids, 
or jumping spiders. The late Dr. O. Lugger describes a case of severe 
poisoning from the bite of this spider and though details are lacking, 
it is quite possible that this and other large species of the same group, 
which stalk their prey, may possess a more active poison than that of 
web-building species. 
Summary It is clearly established that our common spiders are 
not to be feared and that the stories regarding their virulence are 
10 . A whip-scorpion (Mastigoproctus giganteus). 
Half natural size. After Comstock. 
and may even cause death in man 
THE PEDIPALPIDA OR 
almost wholly without founda¬ 
tion. On the other hand, the 
chances of secondary infection 
from the bites of some of the 
more powerful species are not 
to be ignored. 
Probably all species possess 
a toxin secreted by the poison 
gland, virulent for insects and 
other normal prey of the 
spiders, but with little or no 
effect on man. 
There are a very few species, 
notably of the genus Latrodectus , 
and possibly including the Euro¬ 
pean Chiracantkium nutrix and 
Epeira diadema, which possess, 
in addition, a toxalbumen 
derived from the general body 
tissue, which is of great virulence 
and the higher animals. 
WHIP-SCORPIONS 
The tailed whip-scorpions, belonging to the family Thelyphonidae, 
are represented in the United States by the giant whip-scorpion 
Mastigoproctus giganteus (fig. 10), which is common in Florida, Texas 
and some other parts of the South. In Florida, it is locally known as 
the “grampus” or “mule-killer” and is very greatly feared. There is 
no evidence that these fears have any foundation, and Dr. Marx 
states that there is neither a poison gland nor a pore in the claw of the 
chelicera. 
