The Bed-hugs 
9i 
cubic feet of room space. The sulphur should be placed in a pan, 
a well made in the top of the pile and a little alcohol poured in, to 
facilitate burning. The whole should be placed in a larger pan 
and surrounded by water so as to avoid all danger of fire. Windows 
should be tightly closed, beds, closets and drawers opened, and 
bedding spread out over chairs in order to expose them fully to the 
fumes. As metal is tarnished by the sulphur fumes, ornaments, 
clocks, instruments, and the like should be removed. When all is 
ready the sulphur should be fired, the room tightly closed and left 
for twelve to twenty-four hours. Still more efficient in large houses, 
or where many hiding places favor the bugs, is fumigation with 
hydrocyanic acid gas. This is a deadly poison and must be used 
under rigid precautions. Through the courtesy of Professor Herrick, 
who has had much experience with this method, we give in the Ap¬ 
pendix, the clear and detailed directions taken from his bulletin on 
“Household Insects.” 
Fumigation with formaldehyde gas, either from the liquid or 
“solid” formalin, so efficient in the case of contagious diseases, is 
useless against bed-bugs and most other insects. 
Other Bed-bugs — Cimex hemipterus (= C. rotundatus ) is a trop¬ 
ical and subtropical species, occurring in both the old and new world. 
Patton and Cragg state that it is distributed throughout India, 
Burma, Assam, the Malay Peninsula, Aden, the Island of Mauri¬ 
tius, Reunion, St. Vincent and Porto Rico. “It is wddely distribu¬ 
ted in Africa, and is probably the common species associated there 
with man.” Brumpt also records it for Cuba, the Antilles, Brazil, 
and Venezuela. 
This species, which is sometimes called the Indian bed-bug, 
differs from C. lectularius in being darker and in having a more 
elongate abdomen. The head also is shorter and narrower, and the 
prothorax has rounded borders. 
It has the same habits and practically the same life cycle as 
Cimex lectularius. Mackie, in India, has found that it is capable 
of transmitting the Asiatic type of recurrent fever. Roger suggested 
that it was also capable of transmitting kala-azar and Patton has 
described in detail the developmental stages of Leishmania, the 
causative organism of Kala-azar, in the stomach of this bug, but 
Brumpt declares that the forms described are those of a common, 
non-pathogenic flagellate to be found in the bug, and have nothing 
