BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 



613 



Echinarachnius parma Continued. 



dead), 7733 (r small shell), 7734 (few shells), 

 7735 (2 shells), 7736 (several shells), 7740 (few 

 dead), 7741 (i small dead), 7744 (few small 

 shells), 7750 (i shell), 7751 (i shell), 7752 (i 

 shell), 7753 (few living and shells), 7761 (few 

 'medium sized, living), 7771 (i dead), 7774 

 (few shells), 7779 (2 small living, 3 dead), 7780 

 (i shell), 7782 (i shell), 7783 (i shell). Supple- 

 mentary stations (1909): 7660 (i fragment), 

 7668 (few small living), 7672 (several small 

 dead). 



Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (2 dead), 

 3 (few, very small), 4 (i), 6 (i small, dead), 7 

 (few fragments), 8 (i dead), 9 (i shell), 10 (i 

 shell), n (i), 15 (i living), 16 (dead), 18 (i 

 dead), 23 (several small living), 25 (i dead), 

 26 (i dead), 29 (i), 33 (several living), 40 (few 

 shells), 41 (few dead), 42 (few dead), 52 (many), 

 53 (i dead), 60 (i small living), 61 (i fragment), 

 62 (few dead), 64 (few small dead), 65 (i very 

 small dead), 66 (few dead) 67 (few shells), 73 

 (i), 74 (few small living), 83 (i shell), 99 (i 

 dead), 101 (i shell), in (i small), 118 (i shell), 

 122 (i), 163 (i fragment). Supplementary sta- 

 tion (1909): 83 (several small dead). 



Ech i narach nius parma Cont inued . 



Eggs artificially fertilized as early as March 22; 

 "breeding abundantly " early in April . Mead. 

 Continues to breed throughout June and the 

 early part of July, and a limited number of 

 eggs may be secured even during the later por- 

 tions of the summer. Bumpus. 



Large numbers of this species are consumed by 

 flounders. Verrill. Also by the cod. Clark. 

 Verrill states that the fishermen of Maine and 

 New Brunswick prepare an indelible marking 

 ink from the spines and skin. 



Mellita quinquesperforata (Leske). Keyhole ur- 

 chin. 



Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 427 (Mellita pen- 

 tapora and testudinaria); Clark, 1904, p. 565 

 (Mellita pentapora); 1905, p. 8 (Mellita penta- 

 pora). 



Vineyard Sound, 5 to 8 fathoms, on sandy bot- 

 tom; rare, and only dead specimens taken. 

 Verrill. Nantucket. Agassiz, cited by Ver- 

 rill. One taken in Vineyard Sound during 

 summer of 1901. G. M. Gray, cited by Clark. 

 Not encountered during the Survey dredging. 



Class HOLOTHURIOIDEA. 



Family CUCUMARIID^. 



Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus). Sea cucumber. 



Clark, 1904, p. 566; 1905, p. 9. 



Off Sankaty Head, in 12 to 25 fathoms, several 

 specimens taken. Clark. Considerable num- 

 bers taken on halibut lines by V. N. Edwards, 

 in same general region during summer of 1906. 



Ripe gonads observed in August. Clark. 



This holothurian is said by Stimpson to be very 

 palatable when boiled. 



Cucumaria pukherrima (Ayers). 



Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 420, etc. (Penta- 

 mera pukherrima); Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1905, 



P-9- 



Nobska point and beach, washed ashore, abun- 

 dant. Verrill, Clark. Buzzards Bay bathing 

 beach, near breakwater, a number cast ashore 

 in winter of 1903. Gray, cited by Clark. 

 Nearly all of the specimens recorded for this 

 region were cast up on beaches after storms. 

 Verrill concludes that they "doubtless live in 

 the sand in shallow water a short distance off 

 the beach," though he also records their hav- 

 ing been dredged at 4 or 5 fathoms. Mr. Gray 

 likewise reports the occurrence of this species 

 on Ram Island, where he has found it living 



Cucumaria pukherrima Continued. 



among the roots of eelgrass. A single specimen 

 was dredged by the Survey near the west shore 

 of Buzzards Bay, at a 1909 repetition of Phala- 

 rope station 165. 



The reproductive condition of those taken seems 

 to indicate that breeding occurs in the late 

 winter or early spring. Clark. 



Thyone briareus (Lesueur). 



Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 362, etc.; Mead, 

 1898; Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1905, p. 10. 



Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, off Waquoit; 

 muddy and sandy shores and bottoms; more 

 common, however, in shallow water, off shore, 

 on shelly bottom; i to 10 fathoms. Verrill. 

 Hadley Harbor, Waquoit, Cuttyhunk. Clark. 

 Vineyard Sound, in eastern third, a few sta- 

 tions; two stations in Buzzards Bay; 2 to n 

 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and mud. Sur- 

 vey. 



Fish Hawk stations: 7538 bis*, 7674 (i). 



Phalarope stations: 2 (?i), 3*, 9*, 156* (i small). 



Collected by G. M. Gray in December and March 

 as well as in summer. Full of nearly ripe eggs 

 andsperm, April 24. Mead. Probably breeds 

 during June and July. Bumpus. Apparently 

 breeds in summer. Clark. 



