742 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Alewife, 

 branch herring (known locally as "herring"). 



Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; 

 Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 

 91; Linton, 1901, p. 439; Sharp and Fowler, 

 1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 38. 



Common throughout local waters, ascending 

 streams in the spring. It arrives in March and 

 April, passing then into fresh water and return- 

 ing in May. Smith. Abundant also in Octo- 

 ber and November. Edwards. Taken in 

 traps and in dip-nets. 



Spawns in streams and ponds in April and May. 



Food (only young examined): All contained 

 copepods, shrimps, young squid. Linton. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rhynchus acus; immature nematodes. Cestodes 

 (Linton) Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larvae 

 (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes (Linton) 

 Distomum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, 

 D. vitellosum, Monostomum sp. Protozoa: 

 sporozoa in muscles. Copepods (C. B. Wil- 

 son) Argulus alosce, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- 

 theirus edwardsi. 



Pomolobus tzstivalis (Mitchill). Glut herring, 

 black back. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 38. 



Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc., common. 

 Comes later than branch herring. Smith. 

 Taken in September and October. Edwards. 



Spawns in brackish ponds. 



Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echiho- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes Heterakis foveo- 

 lata. 

 Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad. 



Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 427; 

 H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901; Sharp 

 and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 39. 



Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc. Not un- 

 common, though far less numerous than for- 

 merly. Smith. Nantucket. Sharp and Fow- 

 ler. Comes about May i , remaining only about 

 a week; contains well advanced spawn on arri- 

 val. Edwards. Taken in traps. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rliynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton)^/! .ream 

 adunca, Ascaris sp. (immature). Copepods 

 (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. 



Opisthoncma oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread herring. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 432; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 40. 



Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very rare, 

 though reported as common one year (1885). 

 Smith. Several taken in 1901 and 1902. 

 Edwards. Occur from July till fall. 



Bre-voortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden, pogy. 

 Storer, 1867, p. 159 (Ahsa menhaden); Baird, 

 1873 (Brevoortia menhaden); Goode, 1879, P- 

 1-514; Peck, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 

 1896, p. 433; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; iSgSb, p. 

 851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, 

 p. 440; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- 

 dall, 1908, p. 40. 



Abundant everywhere throughout the region, 

 swimming in schools at the surface and often 

 running into brackish water; in winter prob- 

 ably going to deep water. They arrive in 

 schools about May 20, though scattered ones 

 are taken in March, and remain till December 

 i or later. Most abundant in June. Taken 

 in traps and purse nets. One taken in 1876 

 measured 18 inches, probably the largest on 

 record. Smith. 



Reproduction not well understood (see H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 91). Appears to breed in June, 

 schools of young ^ to i inch in length being 

 common during July. Bumpus, Edwards. 



Food: Minute Crustacea and unicellular animals 

 and plants. (For full statement see Peck, 



1894.) 



Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) larvae (Scolex poly- 

 morphus), Synbothrium filicolle. Trematodes 

 (Linton ) Distomum appendiculatum, D.fene- 

 stratum, D. vitellosum, D. sp., Gasjerostomum 

 arcuatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Bomo- 

 lochus tcres, Caligus chelifcr, C. schistonyx, Ler- 

 nceeniscus radiatus, Lernanthropus brevoortice. 



A serious epidemic occured among local men- 

 haden in 1904; enormous numbers of dead 

 drifted to shore in Narragansett Bay, and con- 

 siderable numbers in New Bedford Harbor. 



Family ENGRAULIDID^. 



Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). Anchovy. 



Goode, 1884, p. 611 (Stolephorus brownii); Jor- 

 dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 443 (Stolephorus 

 brownii); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolephorus 

 brownii); Linton, 1901, p. 440 (Stolephorus 

 brownii); Kendall, 1908, p. 41. 



Throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 

 Great Tisbury Pond; usually abundant. Pres- 

 ent from first of May till late in fall. Edwards. 

 Taken in traps and seines. 



With ripe spawn till August. Edwards. 



Food: Usually copepods, also univalve mol- 

 lusks. Linton. 



Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- 

 todes larvae (Scolex polymorphus}. Trema- 

 todes Distomum appendiculatum, D. sp. 



