BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 



749 



Scomber scombrus Continued. 



i, though taken in Menemsha traps and by line 

 fishermen till November. First one in 1898 

 taken May 3 (Bumpus); first in 1900 taken 

 April 29 (Sherwood and Edwards). 



Spawns during middle and latter part of June, 

 offshore. Bumpus. In the middle of May fish 

 are taken with ripe eggs and milt, this condi- 

 tion lasting about a month; young, 2^ inches 

 long, recorded June 3, 1903. Edwards. 



Food: Some taken in July, 20 miles south of No 

 Mans Land, contained shrimps, various larval 

 and immature Crustacea, copepods, and nu- 

 merous pteropods. Verrill and Smith. Small 

 fish, small Crustacea, squid, copepods (re- 

 corded for young fish only). Linton. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Agamo- 

 nema capsularia (immature), A. papilligerus, 

 Ascaris capsularia, A. clavala, A. sp. Cestodes 

 (Linton) Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (lar- 

 vae), Rhynchobolhriurn bulbifer, R. imparispine, 

 R. speciosum, Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Te- 

 trarhynchus bisukatus. Trematodes (Linton) 

 Distomum appendiculatum, D. gulosum. D. 

 mtellosum, Octocotyle major. Copepods (C. B. 

 Wilson) Caligus rapax. 



An extensive local mackerel fisher}- exists, 

 chiefly by means of lines operated from small 

 schooners. Many are likewise taken in gill nets 

 during May and June, and by traps throughout 

 the season. 



Scomber colias Gmelin. Chub mackerel, bull 's-eye 

 mackerel. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 866; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 72 (Scom- 

 ber japonicus). 



Vineyard Sound and lower part of Buzzards Bay, 

 uncommon to abundant. Smith. About 5,000 

 taken at Menemsha, August 25, 1906. Ed- 

 wards. Abundant in 1908. Taken in traps 

 and on lines, along with other mackerel, from 

 July 15 to the end of October. Smith. 



This fish is sold by local fishermen along with the 

 common mackerel. 



Auxis thazard (Lacepede.) Frigate mackerel. 



Goode, 18843, p. 305; Jordan and Evermann, 

 1896, p. 867; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Ken- 

 dall, 1908, p. 72. 



Sow and Pigs Lightship. A. H. Clark, cited by 

 Goode. Menemsha Bight (1885), Woods Hole 

 (June 29, 1892 [2 specimens]). Smith. Ap- 

 parently very rare in local waters. 



Gymnosarda pclamis (Linnaeus). Oceanic bonito. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 868; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 72. 



Menemsha Bight, recorded for only one season 

 (1878), in which year they were abundant, 

 2,000 to 3,000 being taken in the traps during 

 several weeks. Smith. Taken again October 

 10, 1905. Edwards. 



Parasites: Trisiomum laeve. Linton. 



Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). Little tunny, 

 bonito. 



Baird, 1873 (Orcynus alliteratus); Verrill and 

 Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Orcynus thunnina); Goode, 

 i884a, p. 322 (Orcynus alliteralus); Jordan and 

 Evermann, 1896, p. 869; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 

 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. 



Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Goode. 

 Taken regularly at Menemsha, where some- 

 times as many as 100 are taken at a single lift of 

 the trap. Smith. Present in July and Au- 

 gust. They are said to be all of about the same 

 size (about 8 pounds). 



Food: One local specimen in August contained 

 ii Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. 



Parasites (Linton): Cestodes Rhynchobothrium 

 bulbifer. Trematodes Distomum monliccllii. 



Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Horse mackerel, 

 tunny. 



Baird, 1873 (Orcynus secundi-dorsalis); Bean ; 

 1884 (Orcynus thynnus) ; Jordan and Evermann, 

 1896, p. 870; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 

 1901, p. 445; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. 



Quisset Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha, No 

 Mans Land (6 in 1904). Formerly plentiful 

 but now rare. Several at Menemsha in 1908. 

 Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. 

 Taken in traps. 



Food: Squid (only one fish examined). Linton. 



Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echinor- 

 hynchus sp. Trematodes Distomum claua- 

 tum. 



Germo alalunga (Gmelin). Long-finned albacore. 

 Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 871; H. M. 



Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. 

 One taken in a fyke net in Great Harbor, May 21, 



1895, this being the only known occurrence on 



the Atlantic coast of the United States. 



Smith. 



Sarda sarda (Bloch). Bonito. 



Storer, 1867, p. 64 (Pelamys sarda); Baird, 1873 

 (Sarda pelamys); Verrill, 1873, p. 516 (Sarda 

 pelamys); Goode, 18843, p. 319; Jordan and 

 Evermann, 1896, p. 872; H. M. Smith, 



