BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 



769 



Merlucciuf hilincaris Continued . 



ture), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. 

 imparispine (cysts), Scolex. polymorphus (lar- 

 vae). Trematodes Distomum ocrcatum, D. 

 vitellosum. 

 Not valued by local fisherman, except for bait. 



Family GADID/E. 



Pollachius -virens (Linnaeus). Pollock. 



Baird, 1873 (Pollachius carbonarius); H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 

 1898, p. 2534; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; 

 Linton, 1901, p. 474; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, 

 p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 137. 



Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Me- 

 nemsha Bight, Buzzards Bay. Common for- 

 merly; only a few adults now taken in the 

 Sound, young numerous. Edwards. Adults 

 appear in May, departing when water reaches 

 temperature of 60 to 65 degrees; no regular line 

 fishing for these, though many are caught in 

 the traps. Smith. 



Spawns [at Gloucester] from the end of October to 

 the end of December. Young fish il4 inches 

 long appear in April. Smith. Young taken 

 in the tow net from January to May, most 

 abundant in April. Towing records of V. N. 

 Edwards. Larger young, 7 or 8 inches long, 

 are taken in February and March; a similar 

 run of fish of this size in the fall. Smith. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris 

 clavata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin- 

 ton) Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). 

 Trematodes (Linton) Dactylocotyle denticu- 

 latum, Distomum ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. 

 Wilson) Alebion gracile, Caligus curtus, C. 

 mutabilis, C. rapax, Lerncca branchialis. 



Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). Tomcod, frost- 

 fish. 



Baird, 1873 (Microgadus tomcodus); Verrill and 

 Smith, 1873, p. 519; Bean, 1884 (Gadus tom- 

 codus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and 

 Evermann, 1898, p. 2540; Sherwood and Ed- 

 wards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Kendall, 

 1908, p. 138. 



Everywhere in the harbors, near shore, abun- 

 dant in winter, though taken throughout the 

 year. Taken with fyke net or seine or on hook 

 and line. 



Spawns in December. Young taken from Janu- 

 ary till April, most frequently in March and 

 April. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. 

 Attempts at artificial propagation of this fish 

 have been unsuccessful at Woods Hole, though 

 this has been carried on in some other places. 



Microgadus tomcod Continued. 



Food : Local specimens taken in March and April 

 contained Crago septemspinosus, Hippolyle 

 zostericola, Palcemoneies -vulgaris, Gammarus 

 annulatus, G. nalator, Calliopius Iczviusculus, 

 Microdcutopus minax, Gammarus ornalus, G. 

 mucronatus, Elasmopus lauis, Pontogenia 

 inermis, Ptilocheirus pinguis, Caprella, Nereis 

 mrens, various small fishes. Verrill and .Smith. 

 Annelids, shrimps, amphipods, and other 

 small Crustacea. Linton. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala ( Linton )Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris- 

 clavala, A . sp. , Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes ( Lin- 

 tori) Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium 

 bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex. 

 polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) 

 Distomum appendiculatum, D. ocreatum, D. 

 simplex, D. -vitcllosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. 

 B. Wilson) Argulus laticauda, A. megalops, 

 Caligus curtus (chalimus stage). 



Gadus callarias Linnaeus. Cod. 



Storer, 1867, p. 166 (Morrhua americana); Baird, 

 1873 (Gadus morrhua); Bean, 1884 (Gadus 

 morrhua); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan 

 and Evermann, 1898, p. 2541; Bumpus, 1898, 

 p. 486; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Sherwood and 

 Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 

 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 139. 



Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, few in Buzzards 

 Bay; keeping to deep water in winter and 

 summer, but coming to shores in fall and 

 spring. Edwards. Abundant and apparently 

 not decreasing. The cod appears in Vineyard 

 Sound, April i, and remains till about May 15; 

 makes a second visit from October till wintry- 

 weather. Smith. 



Spawns from the middle of November till the mid- 

 dle of March. Young % inch or more in length 

 taken in surface tow in March, April, and May. 



Food: Worms, herring, lants, crabs. Smith. 

 Young observed feeding on copepods. 

 Bumpus. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris 

 capsularia, A. clavata, A. habcna, Heterakis 

 foveolata. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium ru- 

 gosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. 

 imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (, Linton) 

 Distomum ocrcatum, D. rachion, D. sp., Nitzsch- 

 ia papillosa, undetermined trematodcs. Cope- 

 pods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus curtus, C. rapax, 

 Lerncea branchialis. 



