7/2 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



Paralichthys denlatus Continued . 



Scolex polymorphic (larvae), Synbothriwn Jili- 

 colle (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bicolor (cysts), T. 

 bisulcatus (cysts), T. robustus (cysts). Trema- 

 todes (Linton) Diclidophora affinis, Distomum 

 appendiculatum, D. dentatum, D. grandiporum, 

 D. monticellii, D. pudens, D. mtellosum, D. sp. 

 Rhynchobdellida: a leech. Copepods (C. B. 

 Wilson) Argulus alosae, A. laticauda, A. 

 megalops, Chondracanthus galerilus, Lepeoph- 

 theirus edwardsi. 



Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill). Four-spotted 

 flounder. [Chart 208.] 



Baird, 1873 (Chcenopsetta oblonga); Bean, 1884; 

 Ck>ode and Bean, 1895, p. 436; Bumpus, 18983, 

 p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and 

 Evermann, 1898, p. 2632; Linton, 1901, p. 483; 

 Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, 

 p. 147. 



Common everywhere, though less so than preced- 

 ing species. Taken in May and June, being 

 scarce at other times; most abundant about 

 June i. Smith. Dredged by the Survey at 

 scattered stations in the outer portions of Vine- 

 yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 7 to 17 fath- 

 oms, sand and mud. 



Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7554 (i 

 small), 7602 (i small), 7654 (i), 7656 (i), 7661 

 (i large), 7673 '(3 small), 7676 (4), 7686 (i), 

 7706 (i). 



Spawns in May; incubation lasts about eight 

 days. Smith ; Bumpus. 



Food: Shrimps, amphipods, small crabs (Can- 

 cer), annelids, mollusks, small Crustacea, small 

 fish. Linton. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- 

 todes (Linton) Dibothrium punctatum, Phyl- 

 lobothrium loliginis (immature), Scolex poly- 

 morphus (larvse), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus 

 (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum -vi- 

 tellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) 

 Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. 

 jLimanda ferruginea (Storer). Rusty dab., rusty 

 flatfish. 



Baird, 1873 (Myzopsettaferniginea); Bean, 1884; 

 Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 427; H. M. Smith, 

 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 

 2644; Linton, 1901, p. 484; Kendall, 1908, p. 

 147. 



Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ; very common 

 throughout the year, at depths of 10 to 12 

 fathoms ; a few taken in Great Harbor in fyke 

 nets during winter. Smith. Dredged by the 

 Survey at occasional stations in the western end 

 of Vineyard Sound: 7 to 17 fathoms, sand. 



Limanda ferruginea Continued . 



Fish Hawk stations: 7701 (2 youngjf, 7703 (2 

 young)f, 7704 (several small)!, 7717 (i young), 

 7718 (i young), 7719, 77241, 7731 (i)f. 



Food: Enormous numbers of Crustacea (amphi- 

 pods, shrimps, schizopods, small crabs, Ca- 

 prella and Squilla), annelids, bivalve and uni- 

 valve mollusks, small fishes. Linton. 



Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- 

 todes Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchoboih- 

 rium imparispine (cysts). Scolex polymorphous 

 (larvae). Trematodes Distomum simplex, D. 

 vitellosum, D. sp. 



Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Flat- 

 fish, winter flounder. [Chart 209.] 



Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520; 

 Bean, 1884 (Pleuronectes americanus); Bumpus, 

 1898, p. 485; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan 

 and Evermann, 1898, p. 2647; Linton, 1901; 

 Sherwood and Edwards, 1901 ; Sharp and 

 Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 148. 



Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor, 

 Waquoit Bay; abundant throughout the year. 

 Caught in traps, fyke nets, and seines or by 

 hook and line. Dredged by the Survey 

 throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound 

 taken only at the eastern and western ends; 

 4 to 17 fathoms, almost exclusively on bottoms 

 of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. 



Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (i, 7 inches long), 7526 

 (i, 8 inches long), 7582 (i), 7602 (2 small), 7613 

 (i small), 7616 (i small), 7620 (i small), 7622 

 (2), 7643 (i), 7644(1), 7656 (3), 7657 (i), 766c 

 (several small), 7661 (4), 7663 (several small), 

 7671 (several), 7673 (i small), 7676 (3 small), 

 7678 (i small), 7679 (several), 7680 (2 small), 

 7681 (several), 7685 (i), 7686 (i), 7687 (2), 7688 

 (i), 7689 (2), 7702 (i), 7707 (i), 7710 (i), 7721 

 (i), 7724 (2), 7725 (i small), 7728 (3), 7729 (3), 

 7730 (3), 7731 (2), 7762 (many medium sized 

 and small), 7764 (several small), 7781 (i small). 



Phalarope stations: 53 (many small), 78 (i 

 small), 79 (i small), 109, 129 (i young). 



Spawns from February to April or May. Young 

 in tow, April, May, and June; most abundant 

 in May. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. 

 For breeding habits, see Sherwood and Ed- 

 wards (1901). 



Food : One specimen in August contained large 

 numbers of Haminea solitaria. Verrill and 

 Smith. Shrimps and other small Crustacea, 

 annelids, mollusks, red seaweed, fish. Linton. 



Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinorhyn- 

 chus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris ha- 

 bena, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Liti- 



