BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 



741 



Family 



Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tar- 

 pon. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 409; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sherwood and Edwards, 

 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. 



South Dartmouth (every year); occasionally at 

 Quisset Harbor and Menemsha Bight. 

 Smith. Woods Hole .Sherwood and Ed- 

 wards. Present chiefly during latter part of 

 September; one recorded for August 31. 

 Taken in traps, but can not be sold locally for 

 food. Weight of local specimens, 80 to 100 

 pounds, of uniform size. Smith. 



Parasites (Linton): Ichthyonema globiceps. 



Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder, big-eyed 

 herring. 



Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 611; Jordan and 

 Evermann, 1896, p. 410; H. M. Smith, 1898, 

 p. 90; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken- 

 dall, 1908, p. 35. 



Marthas Vineyard, southward. Goode. Vine- 

 yard Sound, Vineyard Haven. Smith. Ed- 

 gartown, Tisbury Pond. Edwards. Nan- 

 tucket. Sharp and Fowler. Common; re- 

 ported as more numerous of late years. Present 

 only in the fall, none being recorded before 

 October; then taken in traps and herring gill 

 nets. Smith. 



Parasites (Linton): Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. 



Family 



Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Ladyfish, bonefish. 

 Baird, 1873 (Conorkynchus macrocephalus); Jor- 



dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 411; Smith, 1898, 



p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 35. 

 Menemsha Bight fish traps. Edwards. Re- 



ported by Baird in 1871, but none seen for 



many years. Smith. 



Family CLUPEID^S. 



Etrumeus teres (De Kay). Round herring. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 420 (Etrumeus 

 sadina); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91 (E. sadina); 

 Kendall, 1908, p. 36. 



Buzzards Bay trap, Eel Pond, Menemsha Bight; 

 ordinarily rare, occasionally common; ve'ry 

 abundant in 1905, several barrels being taken 

 in single lift of the trap; abundant again in 1908, 

 when they appeared in the local traps on July 

 3, and were taken until October 21. During 

 part of this period many hundreds were taken 

 at once. 

 Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphus. 



Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Herring. 



Storer, 1867, p. 153 (Clupea elongata); Baird, 1873 

 C. elongata); Verrill, 1873, p. 520 (C. elongata); 

 Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 421; Bumpus, 

 1898 a, p. 59; Mead, 1898, p. 702 ; H. M. Smith, 

 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 437; Sharp and 

 Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 36. 



Seasonally abundant and generally distributed 

 throughout the region. Adults with sp;i\vn 

 appear about October 15, remaining until cold 

 weather. Taken in traps and gill nets. 



Spawn in the fall; young taken in tow from Oc- 

 tober to June; few or none in midsummer. 

 Towing records of V: N. Edwards. 



Food: Crago septemspinosus, Mysis americana, 

 Gammarus natator, also small fishes. Verrill 

 and Smith. (For young fish only): Squid, 

 shrimps, annelids, copepods, other small Crus- 

 tacea, including megalopsof crabs, diatoms. 



Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes Agamonema cap- 

 sularia, Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes 

 Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larval cestodes 

 (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes Disto- 

 mum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, D. 

 ocreatum, D. vitellosum. Protozoa sporozoa 

 in muscles. 



Clupanodon pseudohispanicus (Poey). Spanish 

 sardine. 



Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 17-18 (Clupea pseu- 

 dohispanica); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 

 423; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; 1901 a; Linton, 

 1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. 



Menemsha Bight, Woods Hole, Eel Pond; gen- 

 erally rare; abundant in 1892. Smith. A 

 number in 1900; 6 taken in Eel Pond, October 

 and November, 1908. Edwards. Appear dur- 

 ing September, October, and November; taken 

 in traps and seines. 



Food: Numerous copepods (August). Linton. 



Parasites (Linton): Distomum appendiculatum. 



Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). Hickory shad. 



Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 425; 

 H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 438; 

 Kendall, 1908, p. 37. 



Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common, 

 3,500 having been taken in one trap. Smith- 

 Present from spring till end of trap-fishing sea. 

 son; most numerous in the fall, when they are 

 taken as food fish. 



Food : Fish, squid, small crabs, other Crustacea. 

 Linton. 



Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- 

 rhynchus acus. Nematodes Ascaris clavata, 

 A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes Larvae (Scolex 

 polymorphus), Tetrarhynchussp. Trematodes 

 Distomum appendiculatum. 



