BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 



747 



Hippocampus hudsonius Continued . 



Woods Hole. Goode. Vineyard Sound, in gulf- 

 weed or rockweed; a few every year, during 

 August and September. Smith. Gay Head, 

 one specimen. Edwards. A dead specimen 

 taken dredging in Tarpaulin Cove, July, 1903. 



Family 



Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall. Silverside. 



Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 21 (A/. beryllina); 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 797 (Menidia 



gracilis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. gracilis); 



Bumpus, 18980 (A/, gracilis); Kendall, 1902, 



p. 261; Kendall, 1908, p. 66. 

 Shores everywhere, abundant, appearing early 



in spring. Often seen in dense bodies about 



piers in July, August, and September and as 



late as December. Smith. 

 Spawns in June and July; seems to spawn later 



than M. notata. Bumpus. 



Menidia menidia notata (Mitchill). Silverside. 



Baird, 1873 (Chirostoma notata]; Bean, 1884 

 (Menidia notata) , Jordan and Evermann, 1896, 

 p. 800 (M. notata); 1898, p. 2840 (Menidia 

 menidia notata); Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 852 (M. 

 notata); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. notata); 

 Kendall, 1902 (M. notata); Linton, 1901, p. 

 443 (M. notata); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 

 508 (M. notata); Kendall, 1908, p. 66. 



Shores everywhere, very abundant, more so than 

 the foregoing species. Taken from April to 

 December, being most abundant late in the 

 fall. 



Spawns in June and July. Eggs in ropy threads 

 attached to beach grass above low-tide level. 

 Edwards. Fry 1% cm. in length at surface in 

 July. Bumpus. 



Food: Small Crustacea, shrimps, vegetable ma- 

 terial, annelids, univalve mollusks, diatoms. 

 Linton. Kendall (1902) gives a number of 

 tables of food of " silversides " without specify- 

 ing species. The records probably refer to the 

 present form. This fish is, in its turn, an im- 

 portant item of food for larger species. 



Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Filaria sp. (im- 

 mature). Cestodes (Linton) larvae (Rhyn- 

 chobothrium bulbifer, R. imparispine). Tre- 

 matodes (Linton); Distomum tornatum, D. 

 valdeinflatum, D. sp., Gasterostomum sp. Co- 

 pepods (C. B. Wilson) Ergasilus manicatus. 



Family 

 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Striped mullet. 



Baird, 1873 (Mugil lineatus); Jordan and Ever- 

 mann, 1896, p. 811; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; 

 Linton, 1901, p. 444; Kendall, 1908, p. 67. 



Woods Hole, Great Pond, Vineyard Haven; com- 

 mon along shores locally. Present from June 

 to December; most common in the fall. Local 

 specimens all appear to be immature, and the 

 fish does not seem to spawn here. Edwards. 

 A specimen 13 inches long taken in 1900. 



Food: Diatoms, green algae, occasionally cope- 

 pods. Linton. 



Parasites: Caligus rufimaculatus . C. B. Wilson. 

 Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. White 

 mullet. 



Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 813; H. M. 

 Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. 



Woods Hole, Quisset, Vineyard Haven. Com- 

 mon from July ist to October. Smith. Lo- 

 cal specimens all immature. Edwards. 

 Young 1^4 inches in length taken June 28. 

 Bumpus. 



It is not certain that all the foregoing records are 

 reliable, since some confusion seems to have 

 occurred in the identification of local mullets. 

 Three specimens in the Woods Hole collection, 

 which had been labeled "Mugil curema," are 

 in reality A/, cephalus. Sumner. 



Mugil sp. undetermined (immature). 



Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 20 (Querimana 

 gyrans); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 818 

 (Querimana gyrans); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 

 (Querimana gyrans); Kendall, 1908, p. 68 

 (Mugil trichodon). 



An immature form which has for a number of 

 years been listed locally as " Querimana gy- 

 rans," occurs at Woods Hole and vicinity dur- 

 ing the summer and fall. (Concerning iden- 

 tity, see Bean, Catalogue of the Fishes of New 

 York, 1903; Smith, The Fishes of North Caro- 

 ' Una, 1907). 



Family SPHYR^ENID^. 



Sphyrana barracuda (Walbaum). Barracuda. 

 Goode, 1884, p. 448 (Sphyrcena picuda); Jordan 



and Evermann, 1896, p. 823 (S. picuda); H. M. 



Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. 

 Woods Hole, Quisset Harbor, a rare straggler, 



only a few specimens having been taken, the 



last recorded being in September, 1897. 



Smith. 



