604 TRANSLOCAT1ON 



from above downwards l . The growth in thickness appears to cause 

 a disappearance of starch extending under favourable circumstances to 

 the innermost margin of the first or second annual ring 2 , but no further, 

 for by this time the unfolded leaves are able to provide for all requirements. 

 The removal of the leaves causes a much more complete depletion of 

 the reserve-materials of the wood and bark 3 , which also occurs when 

 seed-production is especially active (R. Hartig, 1. c.). Both the deposited 

 and the newly-formed reserve-materials may be utilized in a variety of 

 ways, and Th. Hartig 4 is certainly in error in supposing that growth in 

 thickness always occurs at the expense of the reserve-materials. Nor is 

 Schroder's supposition correct, according to which the starch deposited in 

 the bark is used in bud-formation and development, that in the wood for 

 growth in thickness. 



Bulbs, Tubers, Rhizomes. It must suffice to mention the literature 5 in 

 which a general account is given of the reserve-materials and of their 

 utilization and translocation. In cold weather potatoes turn sweet owing 

 to the starch being partially converted into sugar, and according to 

 Rosenberg similar conversions to those occurring in trees are produced 

 in rhizomes. 



1 Th. Hartig, I.e.; Schroder, I.e.; Reichardt, Versuchsst., 1881, Bd. xiv, p. 329; Russow, 

 Sitzungsb. d. Dorpat. Naturf.-Ges., 1884; Baranetzky, Bot. Centralbl., 1884, Bd. xvm, p. 157; 

 R. Hartig, Bot. Zeitung, 1888, p. 837; Bot. Centralbl., 1893, Bd. LVI, p. 57 ; Wotczal, ibid., 1890, 

 Bd. XLI, p. 99; A. Fischer, 1891, 1. c., p. 106. 



2 R. Hartig, Bot. Zeitung, 1888, p. 837; A. Fischer, 1. c., p. no. 



3 Cf. Lutz, Ber. d. Bot. Ges., 1895, p. 187. 



Th. Hartig, Bot. Zeitung, 1858, p. 330; 1862, p. 75. Cf. Sect. 92. 



5 Literature : Sachs, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot., 1863, Bd. in, p. 219. On potatoes : De Vries, Landw. 

 Jahrb., 1878, Bd. vn, p. 216; Miiller-Thurgau, ibid., 1885, Bd. XIV, p. 864; Kreusler, ibid., 1886, 

 Bd. xv, p. 309; Hungerbuhler, Versuchsst., 1886, Bd. xxxn, p. 381 ; Prunet, Rev. gen. d. Bot., 

 1883, T. v, p. 49; Detmer, Ber. d. Bot. Ges., 1893, p. 149. Beetroot : De Vries, Landw. Jahrb., 

 1879, Bd. vin, p. 416. Slachys tuberifera: Planta, Versuchsst., 1888, Bd. xxxv, p. 473; 1892, 

 Bd. XL, p. 277. Hcliatithits tubcrosus and other Compositae : Prantl, Das Inulin, 1870; Vdchting, 

 Sitzungsb. d. Bed. Akad., 1894, p. 711; Tauret, Compt. rend., 1893, T. CXVII, p. 50. Different 

 rhizomes: A. Fischer, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot., 1891, Bel. xxn, p. So; Behrens, Flora, 1894, P- 3^4 

 (hops) ; A. Meyer, Stark ekorner, 1895, P- 2 49 (Adoxa). Cf. also Konig, Chemie d. Nahr.- u. Genuss- 

 mittel, 1889, p. 641. A few notices also in the following morphological and other works : Vochting, 

 Bibl. bot, 1887, Heft 4; Rothert, Vergl. Unters. tiber Knollen u. Rhizome, 1885; Seignette, Rev. 

 gen. d. Bot., 1889, T. r, p. 415; Drobnig, Bot. Centralbl., 1893, Bd. LVI, p. 89. On the reserve- 

 materials of pollen-grains, see Planta, Versuchsst., 1895, Bd. XXXII, p. 214; Molisch, Sitzungsb. d. 

 \Vien. Akad., Bd. cii, Abth. i, p. 443 ; Green, P'hil. Trans., 1894, Vol. CLXXXV, p. 385. On Fungi : 

 de Bary, Fungi, Mycetozoa, and Bacteria, 1888, p. 8 ; Zopf, Pilze, 1890, p. 174 ; Errera, Glycogene 

 chez 1. Basidiomycetes, 1885 ; Bourquelot, Bot. Centralbl., 1892, Bd. L, p. 78 ; Gerard, ibid., p. 110; 

 Brommer, Sclerotes et cordons myceliens, 1894; Istvanfrii, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot., 1896, Bd. xxix, p. 405. 

 Lichens : Zukal, Bot. Zeitung, 1886, p. 762 ; Fiinfstiick, Beitr. z. wiss. Bot., 1895, I, p. 219. Algae : 

 cf. Haberlandt, Physiol. Anat., 1896, 2. Aufl., pp. 334,372. Rhizomes: Rosenberg, Bot. Centralbl., 

 1896, Bd. LXVI, p. 337 ; cf. Sect. 92. 



