356 RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



not clear enough for publication. However, with Aitellaria separata, 

 owing to improvement in my methods, I have had more success. 

 In Fig. 128 is shown a photograph of the spores belonging to the 

 present spore-bearing generation of basidia on one of the dark 

 areas of the hymenium. One can see that the photograph re- 

 sembles part of the drawing which was given for the hymenium 

 of Panaeolus campanulatus in Fig. 89 (p. 257). The four black 

 spores of each basidium can be clearly made out, and one can see 

 that adjacent spore-bearing basidia are separated by such spaces 

 that their spores cannot touch one another during development and 

 discharge. Evidently the basidia of the present generation are 

 all of about the same age, for their spores are highly pigmented 

 and basidia with half -grown or colourless spores are entirely absent 

 from the area. Another point demonstrated by the photograph is 

 that the spore-bearing basidia are monomorphic, i.e. all protrude 

 to about the same distance above the general level of the hymenium, 

 for only on this supposition can one account for the fact that the 

 spores are all in focus in a single plane. The reader may be reminded 

 here that basidial monomorphism is one of the characteristics of 

 the Panaeolus Sub-type. The tendency of the four spores of a 

 basidium to be arranged in a rhomboidal manner, where a basidium 

 is rather nearer than usual to its neighbours, is well shown just to 

 the right of the middle of the Figure. The meaning of the arrange- 

 ment is the same as that already explained in connection with 

 Panaeolus campanulatus.^ A basidium at the bottom of the Figure, 

 in the middle line, has already lost one of its spores and now only 

 possesses three. All the spores are in view endwise on. Seen thus, 

 they are not round but oval in outline. This confirms the state- 

 ment, made on a previous page, that every spore of Anellaria 

 separata has three differing dimensions : length, breadth, and thick- 

 ness. In the middle of each group of four spores can be seen a 

 light rounded spot. This is produced by the convex top of the 

 basidium-body, which in concentrating the light-rays has a lens-like 

 effect. Here and there between the groups of spores can be seen 

 similar spots. These correspond to the convex ends of the bodies 

 of basidia of the coming generation. 



1 Pp. 322-324. 



