352 



RESEARCHES ON FUNGI 



FIG. 126. Anellaria sepa- 

 rata. A fruit-body 

 which came up spon- 

 taneously on horse dung 

 in a moist chamber at 

 Winnipeg. The ab- 

 normal veil is arachnoid 

 like the cortina of Cortin- 

 arius. Natural si/e. 



deep-set character. The species of Pan- 

 aeolus and of Anellaria are so nearly alike, 

 except for the ring, that Fries never 

 separated them. The genus Anellaria was 

 subsequently constructed by Karsten * 

 to include the ringed Panaeoli. While 

 this distinction, doubtless, is of some con- 

 venience to field-workers, I cannot help 

 feeling that, from the standpoint of rela- 

 tionship, the view of Fries is the more 

 correct one. The gap between Panaeolus 

 and Anellaria appears to me to be very 

 slight indeed, w r hen compared with the 

 gap between Panaeolus and other genera 

 of Melanosporae, namely, Coprinus and 

 Psathyrella. 



The Production and Liberation of 

 Spores. The organisation of the fruit-body 

 for the production and liberation of spores 

 was found to be the same in all essentials 

 as in Panaeolus campanidatus . The fungus 

 clearly belongs to the Panaeolus Sub-type 

 of the Aequi-hymeniiferae. As a member 

 of the Aequi-hymeniiferae, its gills are 

 wedge-shaped in vertical section and posi- 

 tively geotropic, so that every part of the 

 hymenium in a normally oriented fruit-body 

 comes to look more or less downwards. 

 Moreover, every part of its hymenium 

 (every square mm.) successfully produces 

 and liberates spores during the whole period 

 of spore-discharge. As a member of the 

 Panaeolus Sub-type, its gills are mottled 

 (Fig. 127, D and E). The mottling of its 



1 P. A. Karsten, Rysslands, F inlands och den 

 Skandinaviska Hal/ons Hattsvampar, Helsingfors, 

 1879, p. 517. 



