INDEX 



281 



Equtsetum, cell-divisions in germinating 

 spores of, 42 ; influence of light on 

 germination of spores of, 92 ; polarity 

 of, 157, Fig. 28 ; strains in spores of, 

 66. 



Eranthis hiemalis, changes in seed of, 208. 



Eriksson, 208, 210. 



Ernst, 205. 



Errera, II, 12, 41, 69, 107, 120, 132, 194 ; on 

 accommodation to concentrated solu- 

 tions, 119; on growth of Phy corny L es 

 nttens, 11 ; on haptomorphism, 132. 



Eschenhagen, 119, 257. 



Escombe, on influence of low temperatures, 



237- 

 Ether, action of, 267, 268 ; influence of, on 



cell-division, 43. 



Etherization, influence of, on resting periods, 

 209. 



Etiolation, 86 ; apparatus for, 89, Fig. 20 ; 

 causes of, 99, 100 ; influence of correla- 

 tion on, 99 ; history of knowledge of, 

 88 ; influence of starvation and correla- 

 tion on, 89. 



Etiology, insufficiency of, 54. 



Euler, 106. 



Euphorbia, form of starch-grains in, 36 ; 

 growth of laticiferous tubes of, 45 ; 

 resting period of seeds of, 208 ; sup- 

 pression of cell-segmentation in, 38 ; 

 E. cyparissias, galls of, 171. 



Eurotium herbariorum, yeast variety of, 

 194 ; E. repens, temperature limits for 

 growth of, 76. 



Ewart, 21, 68, 78, 83, loo, 119, 257; on 

 action of alkaloids, 260 ; - - electricity 

 and magnetism, 106, 107 ; - poisons, 

 261; on breaking strains, 51 ; on in- 

 fluence of contact on growth, 129, 130 ; 

 - strains on growth, 54, 127, 128 ; on 

 injurious action of light, 94-6, 101, 248; 

 on length of growing zone, 8 ; on 

 minimal temperatures, 233 ; on propa- 

 gation of stimuli, 183-6; on regenera- 

 tion, 169 ; on resistance to cold of 



tropical plants, 33 ; of diatoms, 



238 ; to desiccation, 250-5 ; - to 

 heat, 225-31. 



Extracellular protoplasm, 32. 



Faba, influence of defoliation on stipules of, 

 162 ; F. vulgar is, osmotic pressure in 

 imbedded root of, 124 ; pressure exerted 

 by, 125. 



Fagus sylvatica, influence of light on leaf 

 of, 87, Fig. 19 ; non-reproduction of, by 

 cuttings, 168; periodicity in, 205. 



Faist, 206. 



Falkenberg, 208. 



Famintzin, 87, 98, 123. 



Farmer and Williams, 157. 



Fasciation, 165. 



Ferns, planes of division in ova of, 157. 



Ficaria ramtncnloidcs, resting period of, 



79- 



Ficker, 255, 260; on influence of desicca- 

 tion on bacteria, 251. 



Figdor, 154. 



Fisch, 199. 



Fischer, 126,206,224,247,257 ; on bursting 

 of bacteria in concentrated solutions, 

 119; on plasmoptyse, 256. 



Fitting, 30. 



Fleischer, 250. 



Flexibility, importance of, in plants, 51. 



Flower, influence of removal of, on growth 

 of peduncle, 135. 



Flower-buds, formation of, under water, 123. 



Flowering, early, causes of, 211 ; influence 

 of temperature on, Si. 



- plants, accommodation of, to extremes 



of temperature, 80 ; ultra-maximal tem- 

 perature for, 225. 



Flowers, abscission of, 216, 217 ; causes in- 

 ducing formation of, 164 ; influence of 

 light on development of, 91, 92 ; 

 moisture on formation of, 121; 

 nutrition on formation of, 116; 

 ultra-violet rays on formation of, 103. 



Fliigge, 15, 81, 84, 94, 107, 112, 117, 194, 

 226, 227, 229, 238, 247, 248, 249, 252, 

 255, 260, 261, 262, 264, 274. 



Fontinalis an.tipyretica, influence of desic- 

 cation on, 250. 



Forests, annual growth of, 16. 



Formative induction, 141. 



- reactions, 71. 



Formic aldehyde, mode of action of, 268. 



Forsythia viridissima, early flowering of, 

 205. 



Frankel, 259. 



Frank, 7, 67, 111,115, 118, 120, 121, 122, 

 133, 134, 151, 152, 154, 160, 167, 168, 

 170, 171, 172, 173, 222, 224, 231, 232, 

 237, 239, 247, 252, 259, 260, 263, 264. 



Fraxinus, leaf- fall in, 217. 



Freezing, effect of, on plants, 232-6 ; mode 

 of, 240 ; protection against, 237 ; re- 

 sistance to, 238. 



Freezing-point of plants, 242, 243. 



Freudenreich, 259. 



Freytag, de, 258. 



Friedrich, 66, 125 ; on periodicity, 201, 204. 



Fries, 238. 



Frisch, 238 ; influence of cold on motile 

 bacteria, 234. 



Frost, 21, 22; modes of avoiding, 237; 

 influence of, on leaf-fall, 217. 



Fruits, diurnal changes of volume of, 66 ; 

 seedless, influence of pollen-tube on 

 development of, 173. 



Fruit-trees, influence of cold on, 233. 



Fuchs, 175. 



Fucus, polarity of ova of, 157. 



Fiinfstiick, 15. 



Fumaria officinalis, influence of cold on, 



