COSMAKIUM. 11 



Length 70-04 /x ; breadth 51-07 ft ; breadth of 

 isthmus 17*5-27 ft; breadth of apex 19-25 /u,; thick- 

 ness 34-43 ft; diam. zygosp. without spines 60ft, with 

 spines 70ft; length of spines 0-7 '5 ft. 



ENGLAND.- -Cumberland ! Westmoreland! (Bissett). 

 Lancashire ! W. and X. Yorks (zygospores from Lund's 

 Fell, N. Yorks) ! Cheshire (Roy). Leicestershire (Roy). 

 Worcestershire ! Warwickshire ! Essex ! Cambridge- 

 shire ! Oxfordshire ! Surrey ! Hants (Bennett). 

 Somerset ! Devon I Cornwall ! Channel Islands 

 (Jersey) ! 



WALES. General in Carnarvonshire (at over 3000 

 ft. on Snowdon) ! Merioneth ! 



SCOTLAND.- -Eoss, Inverness, Aberdeen !, Forfar !, 

 Perth !, Stirling, Fife (Roy $ Bissett). Sutherland ! 



Outer Hebrides ! Orkneys ! Shetlands ! 



t/ 



IRELAND.- -Achill Island, and near Westport, Mayo ! 

 Derryclare Lough, Galway ! Slieve Donard, Down (at 

 2000 ft.) ! Carrantuohill, Kerry ! Cork ! 



Geogr. Distribution.- -France. Germany. Austria 

 and Galicia. Bosnia. Eoumania. Italy. Norway. 

 Sweden. Bornholm. Finland. Russian Lapland. 

 N. Russia. Faeroes. Nova Zembla. Spitzbergen. 

 Greenland. United States. 



C. ochthodes should be carefully compared Avith C. Botrytis 

 and C. tetraophtlialmum, from both of which species it is very 

 easily distinguished by the totally different nature of its 

 surface-ornamentation. It is a widely distributed species in 

 upland districts and is not uncommon on old heaths in the 

 lowlands. The warts are broad, flattened elevations with a 

 somewhat irregularly-circular outline, and they vary con- 

 siderably in the extent of their development. In some indivi- 

 duals they are very prominent, causing the cell-margin to 

 appear distinctly crenate, whereas in others they are much 

 more flattened, the cell-margin only appearing undulate. 



Var. amcebum West. (PL XCVIII, figs. 4-6.) 



C. ochthodes var. arnoebum West, Alg. Engl. Lake Distr. 1892, p. 728; 



West & G. S. West, Alga-fl. Yorks. 1900^ p. 8-4; Freshw. Alg. Orkneys 



and Shetlands, 1905, p. 21. 

 C. ochthodes forma granulosum Liitkem. Desm. Attersees, 1893, p. 557, 



t. 8, f. 9. 



