Mosses and Lichens 



apex; surface covered with tiny protuberances; base oblong-oval 



with ear-like and fringed appendages; cells dense, minute, round. 



Leaves at the base of the pedicel (perichcetial leaves}. 



Long and sheathing, tongue- 

 shaped toward the apex. 



Stem. 



A. apiculatus. 



Leaf. 



A. apiculatus. 

 Male flower-cluster. 



Habit of flowering. Male 

 and female flowers on separate 

 plants, (dioicous). 

 Veil (calyptra). Split up one side. 

 Spore-case. Egg-shaped or elliptical. 

 Pedicel (seta). Short. 

 Lid (operculum). Conic, beaked. 



Teeth (peristome). Narrowly lance-shaped and awl-shaped, 

 cross-barred and knotty. Segments of the inner membrane very 

 short from a very narrow base, sometimes wanting. 



'5 



Female branch. 



.. Lid. 

 Perichaetial 



leaf. Spore-case. 



A. apiculatus. 



Veil. 



Portion of 

 peristome. 



Annulus. None. 



Spores. Mature in autumn. 



Distribution. North America, Europe, Asia. 



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