Mosses and Lichens 



Branch-leaves. 



Veil (calyptrd). Split up one side. 



Spore-case. Oblong-egg-shaped, nodding or horizontal, dark 

 yellow-brown when old. 



Pedicel (seta). Smooth and to i inch long. 

 Lid (operculum). With a long awl-shaped beak. 

 Annulus. Large, of three rows of cells. 

 Teeth (peristomc}. Double, as in genus Hypnum. 

 Spores. Mature in autumn. 

 Distribution. North America, Europe, Africa. 

 The Tiny Cedar Moss, Hypnum (Thuidiuni) minutulum, 

 Hedw. 



Habit and habitat. Tiny fern-like mosses growing in woods 

 on decaying trees and stumps. 



Name. Hedwig, a great German botanist, 

 gave this dainty moss its specific Latin name, 

 minutulum, tiny, on account of its small size. 

 Plant (gametophyte). Minute, twice pin- 

 nate; stem irregularly divided, densely covered 

 with soft matted hairs ; branches pinnately 

 branching. 



Leaves. Stem-leaves triangular, opaque ; 

 apex taper-pointed or with an abrupt short 

 point ; margins somewhat rolled back ; vein 

 stout, vanishing near the apex ; branch-leaves 

 oval, with taper point, concave ; vein shorter; 

 leaves covered with tiny protuberances. 



Leaves at the base of the pedicel. Thin, 

 nearly smooth, the inner lance-shaped with 

 a taper point. 



Leaf-like organs (paraphyllia). --Numer- 

 ous, and of various shapes covered with tiny 

 projections. 



Habit of flowering. Male and female 

 flowers on the same plant ; monoicous. 

 The Dainty Cedar Moss, Hypnum (Thuidium') delicatulum, 

 Linn. See Plate XXIII. 



Hdbii and habitat. Creeping fern-like plants on ground, 

 roots of trees, and rocks. Common and exceedingly beautiful. 

 The specimen photographed grew on a stone in a babbling 

 brook. 



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Stem-leaves. 



\ 



Leaf at base ot 

 pedicel. 



T. minutidutn. 



