The Position of Hepatics and Mosses 



substratum in which they serve to anchor the protonema, while 

 they assist in procuring food-materials. Another part of the 



pl<xn,t will qrowr 



Sphagnum cymbifoljiim. Rrotonema. 

 The protonema resembles a leaf -like thallophyte. 



protonema remains above ground, 

 each cell containing leaf-green and 

 in the light doing its work of con- 

 verting mineral matter, gases, and 

 liquids into plant foods. 



Upon this protonema appear 

 plants which are to produce male 

 and female organisms. 



These plants, together with the 

 protonema are known as the first 

 or sexual generation in the life- 

 history of mosses and hepatics, in 

 distinction from the spore-cases 

 which, in connection with their 

 pedicels and "foot" constitute the 

 second generation. 



The protonema resembles some 

 of the Thallophytes, examples of Branch stripped of 



, . , , . , _ leaves to show g male 



which are bacteria, algae, and fungi. and ? female clusters . 

 The Thallophytes are so called 



Female 

 Branch 



Tetraplodon mnioides. 



