CLADOPHORA. 123 



or sometimes tumid ; sporangia most frequently terminal, 

 more rarely lateral, somewhat globose. 



Syn. Conferva Uchenicola, Eng. Bot. ; Chroolepus abietinum, Rab. 

 On the bark of pine and other trees. 



Plate CXVI, figs. 7, 8, filaments with sporangia. 



CHROOLEPUS UMBRINUM, Kg. 



Stratum thin, somewhat crustaceous and pulvereus, dull 

 or brighter red, fades with age. Filaments with short 

 branches, torulose. Diameter of cells, 14-22 //, nearly glo- 

 bose, or broadly elliptic. 



Bark of various trees, old wood, etc. The form figured 

 is from Florida. 



Yar. QUERCINUM, Rab. 



Stratum thin, red or yellowish, pulvereus ; diameter about 

 16 yw. 



Bark of oak trees. 



Syn. Protoeoccus umbrinus, Kg.; Chroolepus irregular e, Kg., Pleu- 

 rococcus seriatuSj Wood. 



Plate CXYI, figs. 1, 2, Southern form ; figs. 4, 5, Penusyl- 

 vanian form. 



CHROOLEPUS MONILIFORME, Kg. 



Crustaceous, pulvereus ; when dry, ash color ; filaments 

 decumbent, short. Diameter of cells, 20-25 //, oval, or 

 ovate, about twice as long as wide. 



From rocks, Shawangunk Mountains, N. Y. Saw this 

 form only twice ; it appeared distinct in size, in color, and 

 form of cells. 



Plate CXY, figs. 30-33. 



Genus 23, CLADOPHORA. 



Filamentous, much branched; the ultimate branches much 

 thinner than the primary. Cell membrane usually thick, cells 

 longer than broad ; cell contents green, containing numerous 

 starch grains. 



Propagation by zoogonidia which develop in large numbers in 

 the cells and afterwards escape by a lateral or terminal opening ; 

 they are furnished with two or four vibratile ciliae ; after a 

 short motile life they come to rest and germinate without fecun- 

 dation. 



