30 STUDIES OF AMERICAN FUNGI. 



The stem is fleshy to fibrous, the same color as the pileus, floccose 

 scaly more or less up to the veil, smooth or white pruinose above 

 the veil, straight or curved, somewhat striate below. 



The veil in young plants is hairy, of the same texture as the surface 

 of the pileus, torn and mostly clinging to the margin of the pileus, 

 and disappearing with age. 



The general habit and different stages of development as well as 

 some of the characters of the plant are shown in Fig. 28 (No. 4620 

 Cornell University herbarium). The edible qualities of this plant 

 have not been tested. 



Hypholoma rugocephalum Atkinson. This interesting species grows 

 in damp places in woods. The plants are tufted or occur singly. 

 They are 8-12 cm. high, the cap 6-10 cm. broad, and the stem 6-10 

 mm. in thickness. 



The pileus is convex to expanded, and the margin at last revolute 

 (upturned). The surface is marked by strong wrinkles (rugae), 

 which radiate irregularly from the center toward the margin. The 

 pileus is broadly umbonate, fleshy at the center and thinner toward 

 the margin, the flesh tinged with yellow, the surface slightly viscid, 

 but not markedly so even when moist, smooth, not hairy or scaly, 

 the thin margin extending little beyond ends of the gills. The color 

 is tawny (near fulvus). The gills are adnate, slightly sinuate, 5-7 

 mm. broad, in age easily breaking away from the stem and then 

 rounded at this end, spotted with the black spores, lighter on the 

 edge. The spores are black in mass (with a suggestion of a purple 

 tinge), oval to broadly elliptical, inequilateral, pointed at each end, 

 echinulate, or minutely tuberculate, 8-iix6-8/*. The basidia 

 are short, cylindrical ; cystidia cylindrical, somewhat enlarged at the 

 free end, hyaline, delicate, thin-walled, in groups of two to six or 

 more (perhaps this is partly responsible for the black spotted condi- 

 tion of the gills). The stem is cylindrical, even, somewhat bulbous, 

 of the same color as the pileus, but lighter above the annulus, 

 irregular, smooth, fleshy, hollow, continuous with the substance of 

 the pileus. The annulus is formed of a few threads, remnants of the 

 veil, which are stained black by the spores. Figure 29 is from plants 

 (No. 3202 C. U. herbarium) collected near Ithaca, July 18, 1899. 



