WHITE-SPORED AGARICS. 113 



Hygrophorus fuligineus Frost. Edible. The smoky hygrophorus was 

 described in the 35th Report of the N. Y. State Museum, p. 134. It 

 is an American plant, and was first collected at West Albany, dur- 

 ing the month of November. It is one of the largest species of the 

 genus, and grows on the ground in woods, in late autumn. The 

 plants are 5-10 cm. high, the cap from 3-10 cm. broad, and the stem 

 1-2 cm. in thickness. The large size of the plarrt together with the 

 smoky, brown, viscid cap aid in the recognition of the plant. 



The pileus is convex, becoming expanded, smooth, very viscid, 

 dull reddish brown or smoky brown, darker on the center ; the mar- 

 gin of the pileus is even in young specimens, becoming irregular in 

 others ; and in age often elevated more or less. The gills are broad, 

 distant, usually decurrent, often connected by veins, white, with 

 yellowish tinge in drying. The spores oval to elliptical, 8-12 x 5-7 //. 

 The stem is stout, sometimes ascending, equal, or enlarged in the 

 middle, or tapering toward the base, solid, viscid like the pileus, 

 usually white, sometimes tinged with the same color as pileus, some- 

 what yellowish tinged in drying. 



Figure 117 is from plants (No. 2546, C. U. herbarium) collected 

 in Enfield Gorge near Ithaca, Nov. 5, 1898. 



Hygrophorus pratensis (Pers.) Fr. Edible. This hygrophorus grows 

 on the ground in pastures, old fields, or in waste places, or in thin 

 and open woods, from mid-summer to late autumn. The plants are 

 3-5 cm. high, the cap 2-5 cm. or more broad, and the stem 6-12 mm. 

 in thickness. The cap being thick at the center, and the stem being 

 usually stouter at the apex, often gives to the plant a shape like 

 that of a top. 



The pileus is hemispherical, then convex, then nearly or quite 

 expanded, white, or with various shades of yellow or tawny, or buff, 

 not viscid, often cracking in dry weather. Flesh very thick at the 

 center, thinner at the margin. The flesh is firm and white. The 

 gills are stout, distant, long decurrent, white or yellowish, and 

 arcuate when the margin of the pileus is incurved in the young 

 state, then ascending as the pileus takes the shape of an inverted 

 cone. The gills are connected across the interspaces by vein-like 

 folds, or elevations. The spores are nearly globose to ovate or nearly 

 elliptical, white, 6-8 x 5-6 //. The stem is smooth, firm outside 

 and spongy within, tapering downward. 



Hygrophorus miniatus Fr. The vermilion hygrophorus is a very 

 common plant in the woods during the summer. The cap and stem 

 are bright red, sometimes vermilion. The gills are yellow and often 

 tinged with red. The gills are adnate or sinuate. The plant is a 



