PLATE 6. 



CONIOCYBE PALLIDA Fl\ 



1. Plants natui'al size upon a piece of bark. 



2. A single plant magnified. 



3. Section through the middle portion of the apothecium. 

 a, thecium ; b, hypothecium ; c, hyphae of the stipe. 



4. Vertical section of the thallus. 



a, upper protecting layer; b, algal layer; c, hyphal layer analogous 

 to the medullary layer of higher lichens; d, rhizoidal hyphae. 



5. Spore-sacs, spores and paraphyses. 



a and b, mature spore-sacs with immature spores ; c, spores escaping 

 from the dissolved spore-sac. 



6. Spores. 



a, exosporium. 



7. Algae ( Chroolepns} and hyphae from algal layer. 



3. CALICIUM Pers. Ust. Ann. 7:20. 1794. 



The natural position of this genus is a little doubtful, it being 

 uncertain as to whether it is higher or lower than Cyphelium. Judg- 

 ing from the species occurring in the United States, it would be diffi- 

 cult to decide. From the study of European material (Hepp's Flech- 

 ten Europas), I have concluded to place Cyphelium as the higher, 

 since its thallus reaches a higher development. 



In the majority of representatives of this genus the general char- 

 acters of the stipes and the apothecia correspond to those of Mycoca- 

 licium, they being dark in color, quite slender, bearing a single globose 

 apothecium, but it is at once distinguishable by the dark two-celled 

 spores. The thallus is also uniformly present, though it does not 

 attain any great development in the territory. It is uniformly crus- 

 taceous and not areolate. The essential structural differences as 

 compared with Coniocybe are shown in plates 6 and 7. 



Like the representatives of the preceding genera the Calicia oc- 

 cur in shaded places, upon tree-trunks, decaying wood, fences, etc. 

 The majority of the species reported from the United States occur 

 in the territory. C. hyperelhim is, however, very doubtful, at least 

 in the fertile form. Further study will decide whether the form from 

 Iowa is really a sterile Coniocybe furfuracea or Caliciiun hyperel- 

 lum. 



