Apparatus 



13 



Scalpels made from thin razor blades have been mentioned 

 already. For trimming paraffin blocks and handling paraffin ribbons 

 a more rigid scalpel is necessary. 



Needles are used so constantly that it is well to have clamping 

 holders. However, if it were not for the trouble of inserting and 



F IG- 9. Thermostat, heater, and switch of Land's electrical constant apparatus. 



pulling out needles, nothing is quite equal to a rather large handle 

 whittled out from a piece of light pine. 



Scissors are seldom used in the botanical laboratory except for 

 cutting out labels. Rather stout scissors, with blades about 2} inches 

 in length, are best for general purposes. 



