PD hao A CE 
TuHIs book contains the substance of the lectures given to 
the classes in the last half of the second year’s course in botany, 
at Barnard College. The method followed in this course differs 
somewhat from that generally adopted in either home or foreign 
colleges. The study of botany, as a science, is comparatively 
new in this country, and therefore we have the advantage of 
the experience of Europe, where the science of botany has long 
held a place equal in rank with that of its related subjects. 
In these older institutions the various divisions of mor- 
phology and physiology are taught under a single head, General 
Botany ; the special work coming after this falls naturally into 
two divisions, systematic and physiological botany. The prepa- 
ration for these two special departments must naturally differ 
somewhat in character. For the former, one must have a 
thorough training in organography; for the latter, an equally 
thorough one in anatomy. Accordingly the more recent 
foreign text-books are arranged in two parts, morphology, or 
organography, including descriptive and developmental botany, 
and anatomy and physiology. 
With us the tendency has been to recognize only the two 
general divisions, systematic and physiological botany, and to 
enter upon these departments with very little special training 
for either. Especially in this true of the study of physiology, 
