100 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



median and upper leaf-cells small, sub-quadrate, densely papil- 

 lose, strongly incrassate, often rather obscure ; costa strong, 

 yellowish-pellucid, ending below apex or rarely shortly apicu- 

 late-excurrent ; perichaetial leaves high-convolute-sheathing, the 

 inner ecostate : seta erect, about 1.5 mm. long, yellow, or red- 

 dish when old, sinistrorse below, dextrorse above : capsule 

 small, symmetric, erect, reddish-brown, narrowly oblong, the 

 urn about 1.5 mm. long; lid conic-rostrate, oblique, about 1 

 mm. long, the cells spirally arranged ; exothecial cells narrow, 

 elongate-rectangular, brownish or yellowish pellucid, two or 

 three series at the rim much smaller, sub-quadrate and dark- 

 ly obscure; annulus distinct and narrow; peristome-teeth con- 

 sisting of 32 filiform articulate divisions several times dex- 

 trorsely twisted from a low basal membrane; spores brownish- 

 pellucid, medium-walled, smoothish, about .016-.018 mm., 

 mature in spring; dioicous. 



On soil, especially in calcareous districts, Europe, Asia, 

 northern Africa, and from southern Canada to Alabama, Kan- 

 sas, and California. In our region occurring at Latshaw, Xew 

 York, (Figured) and as follows, not common; 



Lawrence ; Enon Valley. T. P. James. (Porter's 



Catalogue). 



Lycoming : McMinn. (Porter's Catalogue). 



9. P HAS CUM [Linmeus] Hedwig. 



Autoicous or synoicous : very small, closely gregarious: 

 stem short, without central strand, erect, simple or bushy- 

 branched ; leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate to elongate-lanceo- 

 late, mostly with entire and revolute margins, the upper most- 

 ly with a strong excurrent costa ; upper leaf-cells quadrate to 

 hexagonal, warty-papillose on both sides, rarely smooth ; basal 

 leaf-cells rectangular and hyaline: seta very short, sometimes 

 curved ; capsule immersed or slightly emergent, sometimes two 

 in a perichsetium, mostly globose and obtusely apiculate, with 

 no indication of an operculum ; calyptra cucullate or rarely mi- 

 trate, small, conic. 



A widely distributee] genus of 22 species, on soil : 3 occur- 

 ring in North America, one in our range. 



1. Phascum cuspidatum [Schreber] Hedwig. 



(P. acaulon Linnaeus). 



Cespitose, deep green: stems short, 1-2 mm. high, simple 

 or forked ; leaves crowded, erect, the comal largest, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, more or less carinate, entire, revolute 

 towards middle; costa excurrent; basal leaves lax, hyaline, the 

 upper rectangular to hexagonal, .015-.030 mm., finely dorsally 

 papillose : seta short, straight or curved ; capsule globose, 

 sometimes two or three on the same plant, immersed or rarely 



