172 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



lanceolate, acute, strongly squarrose from a concave strongly 

 decurrent half-clasping base, the spreading portion carinate, the 

 margins sharply serrate ; costa strong, ending in the apex or 

 just below; upper leaf-cells rectangular to hexagonal, incras- 

 sate, the lower hyaline, elongate-rectangular ; perichsetial leaves 

 larger, about six in number: seta long; capsule pyriform, 

 curved from a long erect collum, when dry and empty more 

 or less wrinkled and twisted ; peristome-teeth 16, short, unequal, 

 bifid ; segments alternate, 16, about three times as long as teeth, 

 united below into a low basal membrane, yellowish, linear, ir- 

 regularly articulate and appendiculate ; exothecial cells at 

 mouth very small and in several rows, darker; lid convex- 

 conic ; spores large. 



In bogs and swampy woods, Europe, Asia, and, in North 

 America, from New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania, Ohio and 

 Lake Superior, north and west to Arctic America and the 

 Pacific Ocean. 



Family XVIII. BAR T R A MI ACE A . 



Dioicous or synoicous, rarely paroicous or autoicous : 

 slender to very robust, cespitose : stems with central strand, 

 erect, dichotonious or more often with whorled u sub-fioral" 

 innovations ; leaves 5-S-seriate, little or not at all decurrent, 

 lance-ovate to lance-subulate, non-bordered, serrate marginally 

 above and often also on the back of the costa ; costa mostly 

 strong, with median guides, ending belo\v or in the apex or 

 excurrent in a serrate arista ; cells parenchymatous, round- 

 quadrate to elongate-rectangular, rarely linear, mostly thick- 

 walled, mostly mamillate on both sides ; basal cells either not 

 wider, or lax, wider, and hyaline, mostly smooth, alar cells 

 rarely differentiated : seta usually long and straight, little 

 or not at all tw r isted when dry ; capsule erect to cernuous, rare- 

 ly pendent, more or less globose, darkly striate, collum rarely 

 distinct, mouth oblique or rarely symmetrical, exothecial cells 

 rectangular to hexagonal, several series at the mouth laterally 

 elongate ; annulus none or very incomplete ; peristome mostly 

 double or sometimes single or rudimentary, or lacking alto- 

 gether ; always inserted back from the exothecium by the 

 width of several cells, peristome-teeth dagger-shape, golden 

 brown to reddish-yellow, mostly non-bordered, inner peristome 

 mostly shorter, carinate, the basal membrane one-fourth to one- 

 half the height of the inner peristome ; segments at first cari- 

 nately gaping, then divergently parted, cilia 1-3, rarely well- 

 developed, sometimes none, non-articulate ; spore-sac very 

 small; lid small, short-conic, rarely rostrate; calyptra small, 

 cucullate. smooth, fugacious ; spores large, round to oval or 

 reniform. papillose. 



A large family of eight genera : three genera in our region. 



