OF WESTERN PEXXSYLVAXIA 185 



ing about one-fifth of the length of the capsule ; operculum 

 lustrous, conic, acute ; calyptra whitish and lacerate below, 

 plicate, enclosing the whole capsule, at apex solid, acute, 

 rough ; spores about .010 mm., thin-walled, slightly papillose, 

 mature in summer or early fall ; capsules persistent. 



\Videly distributed, on peaty soil, decayed logs, etc., Eu- 

 rope. Asia, and, in North America, in Canada and northern 

 United States. Common in our range. 



Allegheny : Rotten log, Fern Hollow, Pittsburgh. No- 

 vember 9, 1909. E. M. Gress. 

 Center : Barrens, near Scotia, September 22, 1900 



O. E. J. 



Crawford : Pymatuning Swamp, Linesville, May 10- 



11. 1906, liartstown, August 4, 1909. O. 

 E. J.; Hartstown, May 29-31, 1909. O. 

 E. J. and G. K. J. 

 Lawrence : Rock Point. Gorge of Conoquenessing, 



October 15. 1910. "O. E. J. and G. K. 

 McKean : West Branch, Bradford, June 4, 1896, and 



Langmade Hollow, Bradford, October 11, 

 1897. D. A. B. 



Westmoreland: Mellon's Estate ("Rachelwood") New 



Florence, September 8-11, 1907. O. E. J. 

 (Figured). 



Family XXII. POL Y TRI C H AC E A E. 



Dioicous, rarely paroicous or synoicous ; antheridial flower 

 terminal, large, discoid, generally bearing a shoot in its middle; 

 archegonial flowers terminal, bud-like : perennial, mostly very 

 large, mostly cespitose. with a long horizontal, subterranean, 

 triangular, blackish, branched, radiculose rhizome: stem erect 

 with lower leaves none or remote, leaves weakly costate, three- 

 seriate, without lamellae, red to hyaline, small and scale-like ; 

 upper part of stem five-more-angled, with specialized central 

 strand ; stem structure complex ; upper leaves larger, the 

 sheathing base usually yellowish to hyaline, lamina more or 

 less spreading or recurved, when dry mostly erect, sometimes 

 convolute to crispate, mostly lanceolate to lance-subulate, 

 sometimes Ungulate, mostly sharply toothed, mostly plane with 

 erect edges, uni-stratose or with two-stratose zone next the 

 costa, rarely two-stratose to the margin, with narrow, vertical, 

 green, longitudinal, mostly uni-stratose lamellae on the ventral 

 surface of the costa and of the bi-stratose lamina : costa 

 strong, wide, incomplete to aristate-excurrent, dorsally often 

 toothed and rarely lamellate, complex in structure ; leaf-cells 

 parenchymatous, small, the basal rectangular to linear and 

 narrower towards the margin : seta elongate, mostly solitary, 

 often flattened and weakly sinistrorse ; capsule first erect, later 



