OF WESTERN* PENNSYLVANIA 157 



curved, somewhat constricted below the mouth when empty, 

 at the base having a narrow incurved collum about one-third 

 the length of the rest of the capsule, the capsule horizontal to 

 sub-pendulous ; peristome-teeth large, linear-lanceolate, nar- 

 rowly bordered, yellowish, hyaline and papillose above, 

 strongly trabeculate, lamellate with distinct divisural ; seg- 

 ments about four-fifths as long, carinately split and gaping; 

 cilia 3. about as long as segments, strongly appendiculate ; 

 basal membrane about two-fifths the height of teeth ; spores 

 yellowish, minutely roughened, about .014-.01S mm.; opercu- 

 ium convex-apiculate ; exothecial cells incrassate, rectangular 

 to irregularly rounded, towards the mouth in several rows very 

 much smaller, very strongly incrassate and darker; dioicous : 

 mature in September and October. 



On rotten logs and rich humus in woods, sometimes on 

 stones. Southeastern Canada and northeastern United States. 

 Not uncommon in our region, but rarely found in fruit. 



Allegheny Moon Township, 1889. J. A. S. (Figured). 



Cambria' Flinton, July 24, 1908. O. E. J. 



Crawford Linesville, Pymatuning Swamp. June 11- 



12. 1907. O.' E. J. 



Fayette : Ohio Pyle, September 1-3, 1907. O. E. 1. 



and G. K. J. ; May 30-31. 1908. O. E. J. 



McKean : Toad Hollow, Bradford, November 26, 



1896. D. A. F>. 



Somerset : Allegheny Mountain. August 11. 1876. 



1.5. H. Patterson. 



Washington : Hanlin. May 21, 1908. O. E. J. 



Family XV. MNIACHAH 



Synoicous or dioicous. rarely autoicous ; male flowers disk- 

 like with club-shaped paraphyses : female flowers bud-like with 

 filiform paraphyses : mostly robust, cespitose : stem with a 

 central strand, radiculose below, mostly erect, frequently 

 stoloniferous ; comal leaves large and mostly spreading in a 

 terminal rosette, lower and stoloniferous leaves smaller and 

 somewhat dissimilar : costa strong, broad at base, tapering 

 upwards and ending below or in the apex, rarely toothed 

 dorsally ; cells parenchymatous, mostly hexagonal or rounded, 

 smooth, uniform in size or gradually smaller towards the mar- 

 gin ; perichsetial leaves erect, much smaller in size, non-mar- 

 gined, costate : seta long, stiff, smooth, mostly shortly hooked 

 above : capsule mostly cernuous or pendent, rarely erect, 

 symmetric, oblong-ovoid to cylindric, rarely globose, some- 

 times arcuate, collum short ; annulus mostly biseriate and 

 revoluble : peristome double and mostly complete as in Brynui; 

 spores mostly large ; operculum convex to obliquely rostrate ; 

 calyptra cucullate, narrow, mostly fugacious, smooth. 



