256 A MANUAL OF MOSSES 



3, a little shorter than the teeth, strongly nodose to shortly 

 appendiculate, the basal membrane about one-third as high 

 as teeth ; annnlus simple ; spores mature in summer, somewhat 

 incrassate, pale brownish-pellucid, very slightly roughened. 



On earth, rotten wood, etc., often on bases of trees ; Eu- 

 rope, Asia, and from southern Canada to the West Indies. 

 Rare in our region. 



McKean : On hillside at mouth of Langmade Hol- 



low, Bradford, November, 1895, (Figured) 

 and Limestone Creek, X. Y., near the 

 Pennsylvania State line north of Bradford, 

 October 16, 1896. D. A. B. 



10. THUIDIUM Bryologia Europsea. 



Autoicous or dioicous : slender to robust, mostly stiff, dull, 

 forming greenish to yellowish or brownish mats or cushions : 

 stem with a few-celled central strand, spreading to ascending 

 or rarely erect, radiculose here and there in fascicles, not much 

 divided, once to thrice pinnately branched, flattened like the 

 frond of a fern ; leaves dimorphic, when dry incurved or ap- 

 pressed, when moist erect-spreading or open-erect but never 

 secund ; stem-leaves plicate, from a narrowed and decurrent 

 base, mostly with revolute margin, entire or apically toothed; 

 costa strong, mostly incomplete, rarely excurrent, sometimes 

 dorsally rough, leaf-cells rather uniform, rounded to oval- or 

 oblong-hexagonal, both sides numerously papillose or uni- 

 papillose dorsally or on both sides ; branch-leaves of first order 

 often similar to stem-leaves, those of the second or third order 

 smaller, mostly lance-ovate, with the costa weaker and shorter; 

 inner perichaetial leaves pale, appressed, mostly lanceolate and 

 plicate, often with a prolonged and filiform apex, sometimes 

 with ciliate margins, costa incomplete, cells elongate, smooth : 

 seta elongate, castaneous or red, smooth or rough ; capsule in- 

 clined to horizontal, oval-oblong to cylindric, more or less 

 arcuate, brown to yellow, drying constricted below the mouth ; 

 annulus sometimes persistent ; peristome-teeth basally con- 

 fluent, lance-subulate, bordered, cross-striate, numerously 

 trabeculate ; inner peristome yellow to orange, smooth or finely 

 papillose, with prominent carinate basal membrane, segments 

 as long as teeth, carinately split at least in part ; cilia 2-4, 

 nodose to appendiculate, or sometimes rudimentary, or none; 

 lid convex-conic, obliquely rostrate ; calyptra cucullate, most- 

 ly smooth ; spores .007-.010 mm. or .012-.016 mm. 



A widely distributed family of about 175 species, on tree- 

 trunks, rocks, or earth ; about 25 species in North America ; 

 at least 3, probably more, in our region. 



