22O 



INDEX. 



of the cell, 81; in Bryozoans, 192; 



in Hydroids, 192; in Tunicates, 



192; relations of the germ-layers 



in, 192 

 Buffon, 26 

 Butterflies, leaf-, 56-57 



Canary Islands, distribution of 

 plants upon, 51 



Cantip.'atensis, Thomas, 10 



Capillaries, 132, 133 



Cartilage, 102-103; hyaline, 103; 

 elastic, 103 



Cataclysm theory, the, 24; objec- 

 tions to, 25; its downfall, 27 



Cellulose, 209 



Central nervous system, 146 



Centrolecithal eggs, 183 



Centrosomes, 83 



Cell, the, theory, 20, 69; the his- 

 tory of, 70; a single cell defined, 

 84; -budding, 81; characteristics 

 of, 73; defined, 71; early con- 

 ceptions of, 70; the egg-, 96; 

 -multiplication, Si; nucleus of, 

 78, 97; size of, 73; summary of, 

 116 



Cells, "gland," 92; sensory, 98; 

 sexual, 171; somatic, 171; sup- 

 porting 99 



Cercaria, 174 



Cestodes, 125 



Change of function, examples of, 

 1 20 



Chitin, 90 



Chlorophyll, 72 



Chorda dorsalis, 47 



Chorion, 178 



Choroid coat, 155 



Christianity, its early influence on 

 zoology, 9 



Chromatin, So, 82, 85 



Chromosomes, 82, 83 



Chyle-vessels, 137 



Cilia, go, 145 



Circulation of the blood, schema 

 of, 131 ; in the fish, 134 



Circulatory organs, 123 



Cleavage, 197; -cavity, 187; dis- 

 coidal, 185; distribution of the 

 various modes of, 186; equal, 

 185; holoblastic, 183; meroblas- 

 tic, 183; partial, 183; superficial, 

 lS6; total, 103; unequal, 185; 

 various modes of, 184 



Cleavage process. The, 182; planes, 

 arrangement of the, 182; of am- 

 phioxus, 182; influence of the 

 yolk upon, 182 



Cloaca, 126, 127 



Cochlea, 152 



Coeca, 126, 127 



Coelentera, 22 



Coelom, 132; formation of, in Sa- 

 gitta, 190 



Coalomatous animals, 132 



Coelomic pouches, 191 



Goiter, 14 



Cold-blooded animals, 137 



Cold-rigor, 77 



Collagen, 102 



Coloration, sympathetic, 56 



Colony formation, 198; by fusion, 

 199; by incomplete division and 

 budding, 199 



Coordination of stimuli, 118 



Commissures, 147 



Community of functions, 200 



Comparative anatomy, 3, 13; of the 

 Middle Ages, 13; embryology, 

 19, 20 



Condylarthra, 40 



Connective substances, 99; tissue, 

 117; bone, 103; blood, 105; carti- 

 lage, 102; cellular, 100; cor- 

 puscle, 100, 102; elastic, 102; 

 fibrils, 101; fibrous, 101 ; func- 

 tion of, 100; homogeneous, 100 



Contractile-fibre cells, in 



Convergent breeding, 205 



Copulation, 177 



Cornea, 154, 156 



Cornification, 91 



Corpus ciliare, 156 



Correlation of parts, 16; of re- 

 spiratory organs and blood-sys- 

 tem, 133 



Crop, the, 127 



Crossing of species and varieties, 



32 



Crustaceans, 98 

 Cuticle, 90 

 Cuvier, 16, 17, 41 ; his type theory, 



17 

 Cytoplasm, 83, 92, 98 



Darwin, Charles, 28; biographical 

 sketch, 28; his works, 29; "The 

 Origin of Species," 29; theory of 

 the origin of species, 30 



Darwin, Erasmus, 26 



Darwin's predecessors, 26 



De Geer, 15 



Delamination, 188; of a Geryonid 

 egg, 189 



Descent, causal foundation of the 

 theory of, 51 



Deutoplasm, 97 



