226 



INDEX. 



Stomach, the glandular, 127; the 

 grinding, 127 



" States," bees, ants, termites, 202 



State formation, 201 



Stomodoeum, 125 



Stratum corneum, 92; Malpighi, 92 



Streaming of protoplasm, 75 



Struggle for existence, 53-54 



Summary, cells, 116; tissues, 116 



" Summereggs," 174 



Supporting cells, 99 



Supporting tissue, 87 



Supra-cesophageal ganglion, 147 



Swammerdam, 14, " Bible of Na- 

 ture," 15; " Dissertatio de Bom- 

 byce," 14; his discoveries, 14 



Swim-bladder, 157 



Symbiosis, 205; instance of true, 

 205; occurrence of, 206 



Symmetry, 159; anaxial, 159, 160; 

 asymmetrical, 159, 161; bilateral, 

 159, 162; biradial, 159, 162; het- 

 eraxial, 159; homaxial, 159; 161, 

 161; monaxial, 161; radial, 159; 

 161; spherical, 161 

 Sympathetic coloration, 56 

 Syncytia, 84 

 Systema naturae, 12 

 Systematic zoology, development 



of, 9 



Systemization, Aristotle's, 8; diffi- 

 culties in, 35; the present sys- 

 tem, 22; proofs of phylogeny 

 from, 38 



Tactile organs, 150 



Tails of fishes, types of, 48, 49 



Tapetum nigrum, 156 



Taste-buds, 151 



Taste, organs of, 150 



Telolecithal eggs, 183 



Tendon, 120 



Tendinous tissue, 103 



Tentacles, 150 



Theory of descent, history of, 23 



Thomas Cantipratensis, 10 



Tissues, of the animal body, 85; 

 classification of, 87, 117; defined, 

 85; formation of, 78, 85; physio- 

 logical characteristics, 117; mor- 

 phological characteristics, 117; 

 principal and acessory of or- 

 gans, 118-119 



Tocogony, 165, 168, 195 



Tunicata, 22, 129, 131 



Type theory, Cuvier's, 17, 41 



Units, the morphological, 69 

 Ureter, 140 



Urinary bladder, 139 

 Urino-genital system, 143 

 Uro-genital system, 158 

 Use and disuse, 26; 65; effect of, 



T 



Uterus, 144 

 Utriculus, 152 



Vagina, 144 



Variability not proven to be a 



universal principle, 38 

 Variation within the species, 32 

 Varieties into species, the change 



of, 36 



Vasa-deferentia, 143 

 Vas deferens, 143 

 Vegetal organs, 121 

 Vegetal pole, the, 177 

 Veins, 132 

 " Ventral," 163 

 Ventricle, 133 

 Vermes, 22 

 Vertebral column, development of, 



47 



Vertebrate, 22 

 Vesal, 14 



Vicentius Bellovacensis, 10 

 Visceral arches, 120 

 Vital characteristics, 75 

 Vitreous body, 154, 156 

 Viviparous, 194, 198 

 Vogt, Carl, 30 



Wagner, Moritz, 30, 63 

 Wallace, A. R., 29 

 Warm blooded animals, 137 

 Wasp imitated by a beetle, 59 

 Water-breathing, 128 

 Water-vascular system, 138 

 Weismann, 30 



Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 19; his 

 ' Theoria Generations, " 19; 

 theory of epigenesis, 20 

 Wotton, 10 

 Wrisberg, 15 



Yolk, 96 

 Yolk-membrane, 179 



Zielstrebigkeit (the striving for 

 an ideal), 66 



Zoology, i; contrasted with nat- 



ural history, 2; defined, 6; foun- 



dation of modern, 21; general, 



68; history of, 7; influence of 



early Christianity upon, 9; of 



the Middle Ages, 9, 14; scope 



of, 68; subdivided, 5 



Zoological study, purpose of, I 



Zoophytes, 22, 207 



