On the larvae and pupae of some Nymphalinae and Heliconinae. 1007 



celia, Epicalia, Gyncccia, and Heterochroa have the remarkable habit of eating 

 the Space next to a vein of the leaf bare. My brother first called my attention 

 to this. All these larvae have the still more remarkable habit of lengthening the 

 stalk by attaching particles of dirt to it. The small brown larvaä are often diffi- 

 cult to distinguish from the withered brown leafstalk, and must be admirably 

 concealed from many enemies in this manner. But the collector who has once 

 discovered this habit can easily detect the whereabouts of such larvae by the 

 leafstalks, when he would otherwise only be able to detect them by the dosest 

 Observation. 



"My brother has made some very interesting observations, which I believe 

 to be quite new, on various pupae, which when in the dark are suspended (as is 

 invariably the case in other NympJialinm), but in the light raise themselves more 

 or less. There are some which actually execute lateral movements if a light is 

 thrown upon them from the side. 



'^ Pantherodes pardalaria was noticed in ,Nature' as drinking and voiding 

 large quantities of water. Herr Heczko, a good observer of living insects, who 

 has been residing here for the last year, has noticed the same habit in Papilio 

 Polydanias. He counted from twenty to twenty-six (usually between twenty-three 

 and twenty-six) evacuations in a minute, and the sand behind the animals was 

 completely soaked. Panther ödes pardalaria was very scarce here last summ er, 

 although is is very common in many seasons. I once saw a whole swarm of 

 these moths sitting on stones grown over with Podostomece in a rapidly-flowing 

 rocky brook. They were looking down just above the water, and were probably 

 engaged in drenching themselves with it." 



Mr. A. G. Butler did not know whether Dr. Fritz Müller had proved that 

 Dione and Colamis were not Nymphalinae, as they were always classed with them. 



