Notes on Brazilian Entomology. 6lV 



B. Ithomia group. 



The males have a tuft or pencil of long hairs near the anterior margin of 

 the hind wings 1 ), which in all our species emits a more or less distinct odour. 

 The odour is rather strong and most agreeable, resembling vanilla, in Dircenna 

 Xaiitho, rather faint in Ceratinia Eupompe and Ithomia Sylvo; it is still more 

 so in Meclianitis Lysimnia, where I perceived it distinctly in but few males. In 

 Thyridia Megisto the odoriferous tuft is not limited to the male sex; it exists in 

 the females also, but the hairs are shorter and less numerous and the odour 

 emitted is much fainter than in the males. The males have a welldefined brown 

 spot, covered by the tuft; this is hardly distinguishable in the females. As the 

 tuft exists in ah 1 the males of the group which contains about a dozen of genera 

 with more than two hundred species as it is wanting in almost all the females, 

 and as in Thyridia Megisto it is much less developed in the female sex, there 

 can, I think, hardly be any doubt that it has been acquired as a sexual attraction 

 by the males of the common progenitor of the group, and that it has been but 

 recently transmitted to the females of Thyridia. 



Subfamily 2. Saty rinse. 



The males of Antirrhcea ArcJicca have highly-developed odoriferous organs, 

 and emit a strong odour; there is a most elegant mane of pale buff hairs on the 

 under side of the front wings, and opposite to it the hind wings bear an odori- 

 ferous spot, which has caused a considerable modification of the neuration of the 

 wing 2 ). A second much smaller odoriferous spot exists in the angle between 

 the submedian and internal nervures. 



In the allied genus Pierella no trace of odoriferous organs could be found 

 nor any odour perceived. 



Subfamily 4. Morphinse. 



The wings of the males are known to be generally provided with tufts of hairs 

 or with spots of peculiar appearance, which probably will prove to be odoriferous 

 organs. The only genus, the wings of which are deprived of such organs is 

 Morpho. In compensation the males of all the species of Morpho which I have 

 caught (At. Hercules, Epistrophis, Adonis, Cytkeris, Menelaus, Achilles] are able 

 to protrude from the end of the abdomen a pair of hemispherical bodies covered 

 with short hairs, which produce a very distinct odour. In the splendid M. Adonis 

 anp the allied M. Cytkeris this odour is most agreeable, resembling vanilla. 



Subfamily 5. Brassolinse. 



Pencils of hairs, capable of being erected voluntarily, or spots of peculiar 

 scales are present on the hind wings of most genera. Their position varies much, 

 even within the limits of the same genus. In the males of various species of 

 Caligo, Dasyoplithalma and Opsiphanes, I found that very distinct odours were 



1) There are two widely-separated tufts in the male of a small species of this group, resembling 

 in size and colour Cyllopoda dichroa, one of our Glaucopidtz. 



2) See Butler, Catal. Satyrid. Br. Mus. 1869, PI. V. fig. 3. In Butler's figure of the mane 

 ("plaga pectinatim cirrata") the hairs appear to he directed backward, wliil the contrary is the case ; they 

 are inserted along the submedian nervure and directed forward. 



