6 1 8 Notes on Brazilian Entomology. 



emitted by these pencils or spots, the odour being particularly strong in a species 

 of Dasyophthalma. 



Subfamily 6. Acraeinae. 



On crushing either sex of Acrcca Thalia, a disgusting odour is perceived, 

 which probably renders it unpalatable to most insectivorous animals; there appear 

 to be no special organs for the emission of odours. 



Subfamily 7. Heliconinae 1 ). 



The butterflies of this subfamily also possess a disgusting odour, and both 

 sexes are provided with special organs for its emission. In the male they arc 

 situated between the anal valves, in the female on the dorsal side of the end 

 of the abdomen. The odours emitted appear to be generally stronger in the 

 female sex 2 ). 



Subfamily 8. Nymphalinae. 



A. Epicalia group. 



Unusually strong odours are emitted by the males of Myscelia Orsis and 

 Epicalia Acontius. Both of them have a large odoriferous spot on the upper 

 side of the hind wings, and opposite to this a similar spot, covered by a mane 

 of black hairs, is situated on the front wings of Epicalia Acontius. It is very 

 remarkable that the odoriferous organs, which are so highly developed in Epicalia 

 Acontius are completely wanting in Epicalia Nuinilia, and it is yet more remark- 

 able that they closely resemble in various particulars those of Antirrhcea Arcluca. 

 though they were no doubt independently acquired in both species. In both these 

 butterflies the posterior margin of the front wings and the anterior margin of the 

 hind wings are much dilated ; in both of them a mane of long hairs is inserted 

 on the under side of the front wings, along the submcclian nervure, covering 

 an odoriferous spot (which is well developed in Epicalia, but most rudimentary in 

 Antirrhcea), and opposite .to the mane there is a large odoriferous spot on the 

 hind wings, the central part of which fills the angle between the two subcostal 

 nervures, extending into the three adjoining cells of the wing. If we knew only 

 these two species of Nymphalince and Satyrince we should unhesitatingly assume 

 that their odoriferous organs, situated on the same place, composed of the same 

 parts, and in the same position, were inherited from common progenitors; and 

 yet this would be a great mistake. 



B. Ageronia group. 



In the male of Ageronia Arethusa a rather strong odour is emitted by 

 two large brown spots, situated between the wings, one on the under side of the 

 front wing, occupying the basal half of the cell between the submedian nervure, 

 and first median nervure, the other on the upper side of the hind wings. The 

 microscopical structure of the scales and the wing-membrane of these spots differs 



1) I have lately shown (Stettin. Entomol. Zeitung, 1877, p. 492) that the genera Colanis and Dione 

 cannot be separated from Heliconius and Eueides. Siehe Ges. Schriften S. 579. 



2) For a full description of the odoriferous organs of the female Heliconina:, see a paper in Zeit- 

 schrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, vol. XXX. p. 167. - - Ges. Schriften S. 643. 



