Notes on Brazilian Entomology. 62 I 



special organs having been found (but I must add, that I have not yet compared 

 microscopically the wings of the two sexes). This is the case with Papilio Poly- 

 damas and Hyperion. In P. Polydamas there appear to be two sets of males 

 emitting equally strong but quite different, odours. This would be analogous to 

 the case of the two sets of differently-coloured females in some species of this 

 genus. P. Polydamas is generally the most common of our Papilios, but in the 

 last summer it has been rather rare, and I have examined but a small number 

 of living males; thus, on examining a larger number, intermediate odours may 

 be found. 



In Papilio Scamander or Grayi 1 } the black hairs existing in both sexes on 

 the upper side of the hind wings, are much more developed near the anal margin 

 in the males, which emit a strong, most agreeable odour, issuing from these hairs ; 

 the females are scentless. 



In the male Papilio Protesilaus the hairs near the anal margin of the hind 

 wings are developed to a long black beard, which is hidden by the recurved 

 margin of the wing, and exhales, when uncovered, a very strong, or rather dis- 

 agreeable, odour. Beard and odour are wanting completely in the female sex 2 ). 



In the male Papilio Nephalion the pouch formed by the recurved anal 

 margin of the hind wings is filled with an astonishing quantity of white silky 

 down. In a male which I lately caught I perceived a faint agreeable odour on 

 opening the pouch. 



Family 5. Hesperidse. 



The Hesperidce agree with moths in many particulars, which are not to be 

 found in any other butterflies. Thus, as in many moths, the tibiae of the hind 

 legs are provided in the males of various species with a large pencil of long 

 hairs. It can be hidden in a furrow on the ventral side of the body, between 

 thorax and abdomen. In Plesioneura Eligius, and in a species of Achlyodes, 

 I perceived a very faint odour issuing from the pencils when they were expanding. 



Moths. 



In butterflies, as we have seen, the odoriferous organs of the males in most 

 cases are developed on the wings; in but few genera (Danais, Lycorea, Ituna, 

 Morpho, Biblis) they were found on the abdomen, and, in some Hesperidce, on 

 the hind legs. With moths the case appears to be very different. Though not 

 wanting on the wings, these organs seem to occupy much more frequently the 

 abdomen or legs. 



A musk-like odour is known to be produced by several male sphinx moths ; 

 I have observed it in Macrosilia Antceus and two other species. It is emitted 



1) This butterfly visited in large numbers the flowers of a red Salvia, in the highlands of the 

 province of Santa Catarina, near S. Bento. Some specimens agreed with Boisduval's description of P. Sca- 

 mander, others with that of Papilio Grayi, and most of them were intermediate between the two. 



2) Felder (Species Lepidopt. 1864, p. 57) states that among a large number of specimens of Papilio 

 Protesilaus, Agesilaus and Telcsilaus he could not find any female. In 1876 Pap. Protesilaus (var. Tele- 

 si laus) was extremely common, both on the river Itajahy and on the highlands of Curitibanos, and I think 

 1 have caught more than a hundred specimens, among which there were but two females. 



