ORTHOPTERA SALTATORIA. 673 



entirely carnivorous, living for the most part on other insects. The 

 tegmina of some genera, e.g. Pterochroza, closely mimic leaves especially 

 faded ones, even carrying the mimicry so far as to imitate the markings 

 caused by larvae which mine in the tissues of the leaf. Others seem 

 to escape molestation by mimicking ants, and some resemble twigs. 



FIG. 423. Katydid, Microcentrum retinerve. X. America (after Hi ley). 



The Locustidae are divided into fifteen sub-families : 



1. Phaneropterinae. Phaneroptera falcataandLeptophyespuncta- 

 tissima are British. Microcentrum includes many of the North 

 American " Katydids." Myrmecophana mimics ants. 



2. Meconeminae. Meconema varium is British and lays eggs in 

 galls of Cynips. 



3. Mecopodinae. Mecopoda with a very highly developed 

 phonetic apparatus. 



4. Prochilinae. The phasmid-like species are confined to this 

 sub-family, e.g. Phasmodes and Prochilus. 



5. Pseudophyllinae. Pterochroza and to a less extent Cyrtophyllus 

 mimic leaves. 



6. Conocephalinae. Gopiophora with curious head bearing an 

 ornamental outgrowth. Megalodon. Xiphidium dorsale is British. 



7. Tympanophorinae. 



8. Locustinae. Locusta includes the British green-grasshopper 

 L. viridissima. 



9. Saginae. Peringueyella, an elongated South African genus. 



10. Decticinae. Decticus verrucivorus rarely taken in Britain, as 

 is also Thamnotn'zon cinereus and three species of Platyellis. 



11. Callimeninae, with phonetic organs in both sexes. 



12. Ephippigerinae. This sub-family also has phonetic organs 

 in both sexes. Ephippigera mimics parts of plants. 



13. Hetrodinae. 



14. Gryllacrinae. Schizodactylus a curious form with the wings 

 produced into curled processes. 



15. Stenopelmatinae. Largely a cave-dwelling sub-family, whose 

 members have enormously long antennae and legs, and no wings or 

 phonetic organs. 



Fam. 8. Gryllidae. Elongate very slender antennae ; hind legs 

 adapted for jumping ; often a long spear-like, cylindrical ovipositor (not 

 in Gryllotalpinae} ; tegmina with inner and posterior part flat on the back, 

 the outer part folded at right angles on to the side of the body ; tarsi three- 

 jointed with some exceptions ; wingless forms common : cerci anales 

 often long, unsegmented. 



Z III X X 



