DIPTERA NEMOCERA. 745 



annoyance in Scotland, where its presence in conjunction with that of 

 the kilt is said to have given rise to the Highland Fling. 



Fain. (i. Orphnephilidae. Small, hairless flies, brown or yellow in colour, 

 with very large eyes and a two segmented antenna bearing a bristle, the 

 second segment and the bristle are however compound. Little is known 

 of the members of this family. The only genus Orphnephila occurs in Europe, 

 Britain, and North America. 



Fam. 7. Psychodidae. Minute, fragile, hairy, moth-like flies with 

 broad wings covered, as are the antennae, with hair. No ocelli. These 

 feeble little flies are found on window-panes and under leaves. They 

 are widely distributed. The larvae have both tracheal gills and stigmata,. 

 and are amphibious. Pericoma is British. Phlebotomits sucks blood. 



Fam. 8. Dixidae. Small, gnat-like flies which do not bite. The larva 

 has two leg-like projections on the first and second abdominal segments. 

 This family consists of but one cosmopolitan genus, Dixa, with four British 

 species. They frequent moist forest glades and the larva and pupa are 

 aquatic. 



Fam. 9. Tipulidae. Very large, slender flies with long legs. Wing 

 nervures numerous, often branching (Fig. 307). A V-shaped suture on the 

 thorax. The cylindrical abdomen of seven or eight segments ends in a 

 pair of claspers in the male, and in an ovipositor in the female. A numerous 

 and widespread family whose members are known as Daddy-long-legs or 

 Crane-flies. The head is conspicuous, with a slender, rather long neck, and 

 no ocelli. The larvae are either aquatic, or are tough grubs living un- 

 derground and doing much damage by eating the roots of crops. They are 

 termed Leather-jackets. Some of the aquatic larvae (e.g. Bittacomorpha) 

 have the two posterior segments of the body drawn out into a very long 

 slender tail, no doubt respiratory in function. The pupae project from 

 the ground \A r hen ready to emit the adult form ; they are in many ways 

 like those of Lepidoptera, but have a pair of respiratory horns or tubes on 

 the thorax. The images are commonest in the late summer in woods 



that we subjoin a table of the incriminated species, indicating, by the 



figure in front of each, the disease it is instrumental in spreading. 



Sub-fam. Anophelinae. 1,4. Pyretophorus costalis Loew. 



1, 5. Anopheles bifurcatus Linne. 1,5. ,, superpictus Grassi. 

 1, 5. ,, maculipennis Meig. ,, chaudoyei Theob. 



1. ,, martini Laveran 4. Nyssorhynchus albimanus 



]. ,, pursati Laveraii Wied. 



1 . ,, vincenti Laveran 



1. ,, formosiensis Tsuz. Sub-fain. Culicinae. 



1. ,, algeriensis l*heob. 2.4. Culex pipiens Linne. 



1. Myzomyia lutzii Theob. 2,4..). ,, fatigans Wied. 



1. ., culicifacies Giles. 5. ,, penicillaris Rond. 



1. ,, listoni List. 2. ,, nemorosus Meig. 



1.4. ,, funesta Giles. 15,4. Stegomyia fasciata . Fabr. 



1. ,, hispaniola Theob. 4. Mansonia uniformis Theob. 



4. ,, rossii Giles. 4. ,, pseudotitillans Theob. 

 1. Myzorhynchus paludis Theob. ">. Grabhamia penicillaris RoncL 



1. ., coustani Laveran 



1. ,, jesoensis Tsuz. 



4. ., nigerrimus Giles. 



1. ., sinensis Wied. 



1.5. ,, pseudopictus Grassi. 



l=Malarii (human). 2 = Malaria (avine). 3= Yellow-Fever. i = Filariasis (liuman). 

 5 =Filariasis (canine). 



